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Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Commentaries — Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak (R. David Kimchi), Metzudat David, Metzudat Zion, Malbim, and Abarbanel (Don Isaac Abarbanel): English translations © the publisher, prepared from the public-domain Hebrew texts (standard printed editions; Radak and Abarbanel from the traditional texts of the Mikraot Gedolot and the standard Abarbanel editions, public domain by age; Malbim from the public-domain Wikisource edition; Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion from the public-domain Hebrew). Every translation in this volume was independently verified against the Hebrew original under the publisher's editorial direction.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data (CC0). All contents of this volume are public domain or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by Rabbi A. J. Rosenberg (CC-BY, courtesy of Judaica Press via Sefaria); Divine Name normalized to “Hashem.”

Radak: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (The Psalms with Qimchi’s Longer Commentary, Leipzig, 1883). Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Daat edition). Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translations © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by Rabbi A. J. Rosenberg (CC-BY, courtesy of Judaica Press via Sefaria); Divine Name normalized to “Hashem.”

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Daat edition) of the commentary traditionally printed under the name of Abraham ibn Ezra (attributed by many scholars to Moses Kimhi). Ralbag (Gersonides): English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translations © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource edition).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: Rashi’s commentary on Job is genuine; scholars note that the commentary on the final chapters was completed by others of his school after his death. English from The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg (Judaica Press), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem”; six comments missing from that edition (4:13, 6:1, 20:6, 26:7, 32:6, 33:26) translated by the publisher from the public-domain Hebrew.

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides): English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (the source editions carry no comments on chapters 2 and 42). Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew.

Malbim: English translation adapted in part from Malbim on Job, translated by Jeremy I. Pfeffer (Ktav Publishing House, 2003), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; the remaining comments translated by the publisher from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria’s open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by Rabbi A. J. Rosenberg (CC-BY, courtesy of Judaica Press via Sefaria); Divine Name normalized to “Hashem.”

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource edition). Alshich: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew of Palgei Mayim (Alshich on the Five Megillot, Warsaw, 1862).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Metsudah Five Megillot (Metsudah Publications, Lakewood, N.J., 2001), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem,” with the translator's footnotes carried as trailing notes.

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Daat edition). Alshich: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew of Einei Moshe (Alshich on the Five Megillot, Warsaw, 1862). Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource edition). Ralbag: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Perush al Hamesh Megillot, Königsberg, 1860).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain), with the Divine Name rendered “Hashem”; adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Metsudah Five Megillot (Metsudah Publications, Lakewood, N.J., 2001), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem,” with the translator's footnotes carried as trailing notes.

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Ibn Ezra's commentary on the Canticles). Sforno: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Chamesh Megillot, Warsaw, 1875). Alshich: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew of Shoshanat HaAmakim (Alshich on the Five Megillot, Warsaw, 1862). Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translations © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Metsudah Five Megillot (Metsudah Publications, Lakewood, N.J., 2001), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem,” with the translator's footnotes carried as trailing notes.

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource edition). Alshich: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew of Devarim Tovim (Alshich on the Five Megillot, Warsaw, 1862). Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translations © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: The Metsudah Five Megillot (Metsudah Publications, Lakewood, N.J., 2001), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem,” with the translator's footnotes carried as trailing notes.

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Kol Sason, Krotoschin, 1840 — the standard recension; a second early recension of Ibn Ezra on Esther also survives). Alshich: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew of Masat Moshe (Alshich on the Five Megillot, Warsaw, 1862). Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Maharal: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew text of Ohr Chadash (the Maharal of Prague; base text only, without later annotations).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew and Aramaic: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: English from The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg (Judaica Press), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem”; one comment (5:19) translated by the publisher from the public-domain Hebrew.

Ibn Ezra: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource). Joseph ibn Yahya: from Perush Chamesh Megillot u-Ketuvim (Bologna, 1538; public domain); English translation © the publisher.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew and Aramaic: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: the commentary printed as Rashi on Ezra (traditionally attributed; scholarship regards it as a later school). English: The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg (Judaica Press), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem.”

Ibn Ezra: the commentary printed as Ibn Ezra on Ezra–Nehemiah (attributed to R. Moses Kimchi per Sefaria's own index). English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource). Ralbag: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: the commentary printed as Rashi on Nehemiah (traditionally attributed; scholarship regards it as a later school). English: The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg (Judaica Press), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem.”

Ibn Ezra: the commentary printed as Ibn Ezra on Ezra–Nehemiah (attributed to R. Moses Kimchi per Sefaria's own index). English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource). Ralbag: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew.

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria's open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: the commentary printed as Rashi on Chronicles — traditionally ascribed to him; scholars regard it as the work of a later commentator of his school. English from The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg (Judaica Press), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem”; five comments (16:8, 13, 15, 17, 18) translated by the publisher from the public-domain Hebrew.

Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides): English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria’s open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.

Hebrew: Masoretic Text (public domain). English translation: adapted and modernized from The Holy Scriptures (Jewish Publication Society, 1917; public domain); adaptation © the publisher. Word-by-word gloss © the publisher.

Rashi: the commentary printed as Rashi on Chronicles — traditionally ascribed to him; scholars regard it as the work of a later commentator of his school. English from The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg (Judaica Press), CC-BY, courtesy of Sefaria; Divine Name normalized to “Hashem”.

Ralbag (Levi ben Gershom, Gersonides): English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (five comments whose source text is illegible in the available scan are omitted). Metzudat David and Metzudat Zion: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew. Malbim: English translation © the publisher, from the public-domain Hebrew (Wikisource).

Cross-references courtesy of Sefaria’s open Tanakh link data. All contents of this volume are public domain, CC0, CC-BY (with attribution as above), or © the publisher. No copyrighted third-party text is included.