The heads of the fathers' houses who go up with Ezra are counted, family by family, by the river that runs to Ahava — and no Levites are found there, until men of understanding are sent to Iddo at Casiphia and ministers for the house of God are brought. A fast is proclaimed at the river, 'to seek of Him a straight way': 'I was ashamed to ask of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen... because we had spoken to the king, saying: The hand of our God is upon all those who seek Him, for good.' The silver and gold and vessels are weighed into the hands of twelve chiefs of the priests — 'you are holy to Hashem, and the vessels are holy' — and weighed again in Jerusalem on arrival: 'the whole by number and by weight.'
Tap any Hebrew word to reveal its root, value, and meanings.
Now these are the heads of their fathers’ houses, and this is the genealogy of those who went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of Artaxerxes the king.
verse value 4092
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 51 letters. The shortest word is "with·me" (עִמִּ֗י, 3 letters) and the longest is "Artaxerxes" (אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא, 8 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "their·fathers" (אֲבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם), "and·their·genealogy" (וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֑ם). 10 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·king" (root מלך, 77x in Ezra); "with·me" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "and·these" (root אלה, 43x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·their·genealogy', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 6 words. Full calculation: וְאֵ֛לֶּה [and·these] (42) + רָאשֵׁ֥י [heads·of] (511) + אֲבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם [their·fathers] (458) + וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֑ם [and·their·genealogy] (769) + הָעֹלִ֣ים [the·ones·who·went·up] (155) + עִמִּ֗י [with·me] (120) + בְּמַלְכ֛וּת [in·reign·of] (498) + אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא [Artaxerxes] (1370) + הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ [the·king] (95) + מִבָּבֶֽל [from·Babylon] (74) = 4092.
Rashi
And these are the heads of their fathers’ houses of the immigrants. and the lineage and their lineage to which they attributed their descent. Artaxerxes He is Darius.
Ibn Ezra
Their genealogy - [Namely] those who were registered by genealogy according to their fathers' houses.
Ralbag
'Now these are the heads of their fathers' houses, and this is their genealogy,' etc. - [This comment runs] through the end of the Book of Ezra.
Metzudat David
'The heads of their fathers' houses' - the heads of the families. 'And this is the genealogy' - the record of their lineage: whose descendants they were. 'In the reign' - those present during the reign [of Artaxerxes the king], etc.
Malbim
'The heads of their fathers' houses, and the genealogy' - every head of a father's house had a written genealogy tracing his line upward to the tribes; and everyone who belonged to a given father's house had a document tracing their descent from that father's house. So, for example, the sons of Shecaniah, of the sons of Parosh, had a written genealogy [tracing them] down to Zechariah, and Zechariah had a written genealogy tracing further upward; and so it was with all of them.
Of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom; of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel; of the sons of David, Hattush.
verse value 2150
Insights
Verse structure: 9 words, 39 letters. Verse gematria: 2150 is divisible by 86, the value of Elohim. The shortest word is "of·the·sons·of" (מִבְּנֵ֤י, 4 letters) and the longest is "Phinehas" (פִֽינְחָס֙, 5 letters). Words sharing gematria 102: of·the·sons·of, of·the·sons·of, of·the·sons·of. 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Phinehas" (פִֽינְחָס֙), "Ithamar" (אִיתָמָ֖ר), "Daniel" (דָּנִיֵּ֑אל). The root בן appears 3 times in this verse. 7 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Daniel', dividing the verse into phrases of 6 and 3 words. Full calculation: מִבְּנֵ֤י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + פִֽינְחָס֙ [Phinehas] (208) + גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם [Gershom] (543) + מִבְּנֵ֥י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + אִיתָמָ֖ר [Ithamar] (651) + דָּנִיֵּ֑אל [Daniel] (95) + מִבְּנֵ֥י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + דָוִ֖יד [David] (24) + חַטּֽוּשׁ [Hattush] (323) = 2150.
Metzudat David
'Of the sons of Phinehas' - the one who went up from the sons of Phinehas was named Gershom; and so with all the rest [that follow].
Of the sons of Shecaniah: of the sons of Parosh, Zechariah; and with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males a hundred and fifty.
verse value 3083
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 46 letters. The shortest word is "hundred" (מֵאָ֥ה, 3 letters) and the longest is "to·males" (לִזְכָרִ֖ים, 6 letters). Words sharing gematria 102: of·the·sons·of, of·the·sons·of. 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "was·reckoned" (הִתְיַחֵ֥שׂ), "to·males" (לִזְכָרִ֖ים). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 9 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). First appearance of the root שכניה ("Shecaniah") in Ezra. First appearance of the root זכר ("to·males") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Zechariah', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 5 words. Full calculation: מִבְּנֵ֣י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + שְׁכַנְיָ֔ה [Shecaniah] (385) + מִבְּנֵ֥י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + פַרְעֹ֖שׁ [Parosh] (650) + זְכַרְיָ֑ה [Zechariah] (242) + וְעִמּ֛וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + הִתְיַחֵ֥שׂ [was·reckoned] (723) + לִזְכָרִ֖ים [to·males] (307) + מֵאָ֥ה [hundred] (46) + וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים [and·fifty] (404) = 3083.
Rashi
Of the sons of Shechaniah, of the sons of Parosh That is one family, and Zechariah was the head of the family. and with him With his lineage, the males of his family traced their lineage.
Ibn Ezra
Of the sons of Shecaniah, of the sons of Parosh - The proper [reading] would be “who was of the sons of Parosh”; and it is phrased this way in order to distinguish him from Jahaziel, the son of Shecaniah. And with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males - Those males who were registered by genealogy for themselves, and they numbered a hundred and fifty.
Metzudat David
'Of the sons of Shecaniah: of the sons of Parosh' - meaning, of the sons of Shecaniah, who was of the sons of Parosh, the head was Zechariah; and along with his lineage were registered, by genealogy, a hundred and fifty males, since all of them were known to be relatives of Zechariah the head.
Of the sons of Pahath-moab, Eliehoenai the son of Zerahiah; and with him two hundred males.
verse value 2008
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 42 letters. The shortest word is "Pahath" (פַּחַ֣ת, 3 letters) and the longest is "Eliehoenai" (אֶלְיְהֽוֹעֵינַ֖י, 9 letters). Words sharing gematria 282: the·son·of·Zerahiah, the·males. 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Eliehoenai" (אֶלְיְהֽוֹעֵינַ֖י). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 7 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "two·hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Zerahiah', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 3 words. Full calculation: מִבְּנֵי֙ [of·the·sons·of] (102) + פַּחַ֣ת [Pahath] (488) + מוֹאָ֔ב [Moab] (49) + אֶלְיְהֽוֹעֵינַ֖י [Eliehoenai] (192) + בֶּן־זְרַֽחְיָ֑ה [the·son·of·Zerahiah] (282) + וְעִמּ֖וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + מָאתַ֥יִם [two·hundred] (491) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 2008.
Metzudat David
'Pahath-moab' (lit. 'governor of Moab') - one who ruled over Moab. 'And with him' - his men were registered according to his lineage; and so with all the rest.
Of the sons of Shechaniah, the son of Jahaziel; and with him three hundred males.
verse value 2086
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 34 letters. The shortest word is "three" (שְׁלֹ֥שׁ, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Jahaziel" (בֶּן־יַחֲזִיאֵ֑ל, 8 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "the·son·of·Jahaziel" (בֶּן־יַחֲזִיאֵ֑ל). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Jahaziel', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 4 words. Full calculation: מִבְּנֵ֥י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + שְׁכַנְיָ֖ה [Shechaniah] (385) + בֶּן־יַחֲזִיאֵ֑ל [the·son·of·Jahaziel] (118) + וְעִמּ֕וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + שְׁלֹ֥שׁ [three] (630) + מֵא֖וֹת [hundred] (447) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 2086.
Metzudat David
'The son of Jahaziel' - meaning, the head was the son of Jahaziel; and since he himself was not as well known as his father, [the verse] mentions his father's name alongside him.
And of the sons of Adin, Ebed the son of Jonathan; and with him fifty males.
verse value 1688
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 34 letters. The shortest word is "Ebed" (עֶ֖בֶד, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Jonathan" (בֶּן־יוֹנָתָ֑ן, 7 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "the·son·of·Jonathan" (בֶּן־יוֹנָתָ֑ן). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "Ebed" (root עבד, 24x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Jonathan', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 3 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + עָדִ֔ין [Adin] (134) + עֶ֖בֶד [Ebed] (76) + בֶּן־יוֹנָתָ֑ן [the·son·of·Jonathan] (568) + וְעִמּ֖וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים [fifty] (398) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 1688.
And of the sons of Elam, Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah; and with him seventy males.
verse value 2046
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 36 letters. The shortest word is "Elam" (עֵילָ֔ם, 4 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Athaliah" (בֶּן־עֲתַלְיָ֑ה, 7 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "the·son·of·Athaliah" (בֶּן־עֲתַלְיָ֑ה). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "seventy" (root שבע, 23x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Athaliah', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 3 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + עֵילָ֔ם [Elam] (150) + יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖ה [Jeshaiah] (395) + בֶּן־עֲתַלְיָ֑ה [the·son·of·Athaliah] (567) + וְעִמּ֖וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + שִׁבְעִ֥ים [seventy] (422) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 2046.
And of the sons of Shephatiah, Zebadiah the son of Michael; and with him fourscore males.
verse value 1537
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 37 letters. The shortest word is "and·with·him" (וְעִמּ֖וֹ, 4 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Michael" (בֶּן־מִֽיכָאֵ֑ל, 7 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Zebadiah" (זְבַדְיָ֖ה), "the·son·of·Michael" (בֶּן־מִֽיכָאֵ֑ל), "eighty" (שְׁמֹנִ֥ים). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Michael', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 3 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + שְׁפַטְיָ֔ה [Shephatiah] (404) + זְבַדְיָ֖ה [Zebadiah] (28) + בֶּן־מִֽיכָאֵ֑ל [the·son·of·Michael] (153) + וְעִמּ֖וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + שְׁמֹנִ֥ים [eighty] (440) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 1537.
Of the sons of Joab, Obadiah the son of Jehiel; and with him two hundred and eighteen males.
verse value 2189
Insights
Verse structure: 9 words, 43 letters. The shortest word is "ten" (עָשָׂ֖ר, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Jehiel" (בֶּן־יְחִיאֵ֑ל, 7 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Obadiah" (עֹבַדְיָ֖ה). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 8 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "two·hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Jehiel', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 5 words. Full calculation: מִבְּנֵ֣י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + יוֹאָ֔ב [Joab] (19) + עֹבַדְיָ֖ה [Obadiah] (91) + בֶּן־יְחִיאֵ֑ל [the·son·of·Jehiel] (111) + וְעִמּ֕וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + מָאתַ֛יִם [two·hundred] (491) + וּשְׁמֹנָ֥ה [and·eight] (401) + עָשָׂ֖ר [ten] (570) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 2189.
And of the sons of Shelomith, the son of Josiphiah; and with him a hundred and threescore males.
verse value 2223
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 37 letters. Verse gematria: 2223 is divisible by 13, the value of echad ('one') and ahavah ('love'). The shortest word is "hundred" (מֵאָ֥ה, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Josiphiah" (בֶּן־יוֹסִפְיָ֑ה, 8 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Shelomith" (שְׁלוֹמִ֖ית), "the·son·of·Josiphiah" (בֶּן־יוֹסִפְיָ֑ה). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Josiphiah', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 4 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֥י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + שְׁלוֹמִ֖ית [Shelomith] (786) + בֶּן־יוֹסִפְיָ֑ה [the·son·of·Josiphiah] (223) + וְעִמּ֕וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + מֵאָ֥ה [hundred] (46) + וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים [and·sixty] (656) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 2223.
Ibn Ezra
The son of Josiphiah - Scripture did not mention his [own] name, as it did for the others.
Metzudat David
'The son of Josiphiah' - the head was the son of Josiphiah.
And of the sons of Bebai, Zechariah the son of Bebai; and with him twenty-eight males.
verse value 1855
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 38 letters. The shortest word is "Bebai" (בֵבַ֔י, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·males" (הַזְּכָרִֽים, 6 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "the·son·of·Bebai" (בֶּן־בֵּבָ֑י). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 7 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "twenty" (root עשרים, 20x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Bebai', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 4 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + בֵבַ֔י [Bebai] (14) + זְכַרְיָ֖ה [Zechariah] (242) + בֶּן־בֵּבָ֑י [the·son·of·Bebai] (66) + וְעִמּ֕וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + עֶשְׂרִ֥ים [twenty] (620) + וּשְׁמֹנָ֖ה [and·eight] (401) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 1855.
And of the sons of Azgad, Johanan the son of Hakkatan; and with him a hundred and ten males.
verse value 1563
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 38 letters. The shortest word is "hundred" (מֵאָ֥ה, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·son·of·Hakkatan" (בֶּן־הַקָּטָ֑ן, 6 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Johanan" (יוֹחָנָ֖ן), "the·son·of·Hakkatan" (בֶּן־הַקָּטָ֑ן). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 7 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Hakkatan', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 4 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + עַזְגָּ֔ד [Azgad] (84) + יוֹחָנָ֖ן [Johanan] (124) + בֶּן־הַקָּטָ֑ן [the·son·of·Hakkatan] (216) + וְעִמּ֕וֹ [and·with·him] (122) + מֵאָ֥ה [hundred] (46) + וַעֲשָׂרָ֖ה [and·ten] (581) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 1563.
And of the sons of Adonikam, who were the last; and these are their names, Eliphelet, Jeiel, and Shemaiah; and with them threescore males.
verse value 3255
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 58 letters. The shortest word is "and·these" (וְאֵ֣לֶּה, 4 letters) and the longest is "Adonikam" (אֲדֹנִיקָם֮, 6 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "last" (אַחֲרֹנִים֒), "their·names" (שְׁמוֹתָ֔ם). 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "and·with·them" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "and·these" (root אלה, 43x in Ezra). First appearance of the root שמעיה ("and·Shemaiah") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·Shemaiah', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 3 words. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י [and·of·the·sons·of] (108) + אֲדֹנִיקָם֮ [Adonikam] (205) + אַחֲרֹנִים֒ [last] (309) + וְאֵ֣לֶּה [and·these] (42) + שְׁמוֹתָ֔ם [their·names] (786) + אֱלִיפֶ֖לֶט [Eliphelet] (160) + יְעִיאֵ֣ל [Jeiel] (121) + וּֽשְׁמַעְיָ֑ה [and·Shemaiah] (431) + וְעִמָּהֶ֖ם [and·with·them] (161) + שִׁשִּׁ֥ים [sixty] (650) + הַזְּכָרִֽים [the·males] (282) = 3255.
Rashi
the last ones who were the last ones to go after Ezra.
Metzudat David
'Who were the last' - they went last, and did not hurry to go like the others mentioned. 'These are their names' - [namely, the names] of the heads.
Malbim
'Who were the last' - meaning that no one from this family remained behind in the Diaspora; for the first time (2:13), six hundred and sixty-six men of them had gone up, and those going up now were the last ones remaining from this family.
And of the sons of Bigvai, Uthai and Zaccur; and with him seventy males.
verse value 1705
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 38 letters. The shortest word is "Bigvai" (בִגְוַ֖י, 4 letters) and the longest is "the·males" (הַזְּכָרִֽים, 6 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "Uthai" (עוּתַ֣י), "and·Zaccur" (וְזַכּ֑וּר). 7 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "seventy" (root שבע, 23x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·Zaccur', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 3 words.
Ibn Ezra
Zaccur - This is the Qere (the traditional reading); the Ketiv (the written text) is “Zabbud.” These are two [different] names; one authority holds it this way, and another holds it that way.
And I gathered them together to the river that runs to Ahava; and there we encamped three days; and I viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi.
verse value 3161
Insights
Verse structure: 15 words, 69 letters. The shortest word is "there" (שָׁ֖ם, 2 letters) and the longest is "and·in·the·priests" (וּבַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 340: there, there. 10 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·I·gathered·them" (וָֽאֶקְבְּצֵ֗ם), "to·the·river" (אֶל־הַנָּהָר֙), "that·runs" (הַבָּ֣א). The root שם appears 2 times in this verse. 14 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "in·the·people" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "and·in·the·priests" (root כהן, 34x in Ezra). First appearance of the root אהוא ("to·Ahava") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'three', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 7 words.
Rashi
to the flowing river Heb. אֶל הַנָהָר הַבָּא, lit. to the coming river. to Ahava to that river. and we encamped there and we were camping there. and I surveyed the people I directed my attention to survey the people who had gathered with me.
Ibn Ezra
And I gathered them, and I viewed the people - [This] requires [further] study. And found there none of the sons of Levi - For they were the masters of song [the Levitical singers].
Metzudat David
'To the river, etc.' - near the river that flows toward Ahava, which is the name of a place. 'And I viewed' - I looked with careful attention, to know exactly who was going. 'I found there none' - because the Levites who were there had had their thumbs cut off, and so could not play musical instruments; so writes Rashi ([tractate] Kiddushin, folio 68).
Malbim
'To the river' that 'runs to Ahava' - meaning that the [first] river had no special name of its own [it is identified only by where it flows].
Then I sent for Eliezer, for Ariel, for Shemaiah, and for Elnathan, and for Jarib, and for Elnathan, and for Nathan, and for Zechariah, and for Meshullam, chief men; also for Joiarib, and for Elnathan, teachers.
verse value 5621
Insights
Verse structure: 14 words, 89 letters. The shortest word is "and·to·Nathan" (וּלְנָתָ֛ן, 5 letters) and the longest is "and·to·Joiarib" (וּלְיוֹיָרִ֥יב, 8 letters). Words sharing gematria 567: and·to·Elnathan, and·to·Elnathan, and·to·Elnathan. 10 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·I·sent" (וָאֶשְׁלְחָ֡ה), "to·Eliezer" (לֶאֱלִיעֶ֡זֶר), "to·Ariel" (לַאֲרִיאֵ֡ל). The root אלנתן appears 3 times in this verse. 12 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·to·Nathan" (root נתן, 24x in Ezra). First appearance of the root אליעזר ("to·Eliezer") in Ezra. First appearance of the root אלנתן ("and·to·Elnathan") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'chiefs', dividing the verse into phrases of 11 and 3 words. 9 of the verse's 14 words begin with the letter ו. Full calculation: וָאֶשְׁלְחָ֡ה [and·I·sent] (350) + לֶאֱלִיעֶ֡זֶר [to·Eliezer] (348) + לַאֲרִיאֵ֡ל [to·Ariel] (272) + לִֽ֠שְׁמַעְיָ֠ה [to·Shemaiah] (455) + וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֨ן [and·to·Elnathan] (567) + וּלְיָרִ֜יב [and·to·Jarib] (258) + וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֧ן [and·to·Elnathan] (567) + וּלְנָתָ֛ן [and·to·Nathan] (536) + וְלִזְכַרְיָ֥ה [and·to·Zechariah] (278) + וְלִמְשֻׁלָּ֖ם [and·to·Meshullam] (446) + רָאשִׁ֑ים [chiefs] (551) + וּלְיוֹיָרִ֥יב [and·to·Joiarib] (274) + וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֖ן [and·to·Elnathan] (567) + מְבִינִֽים [teachers] (152) = 5621.
Rashi
And I sent to Eliezer...the heads the great men. the wise men Heb. מְבִינִים, lit. understanding. They were wise men.
Ibn Ezra
For Eliezer, for Ariel - These men were, on that day, sent [as agents], and the [prefixed] lamed indicates the specific person; so its meaning is “concerning the person of Eliezer” and the others named [with him]. Teachers (mevinim) - Wise men.
Ralbag
'Then I sent for Eliezer, for Ariel,' etc. - Meaning that he sent for Eliezer and his colleagues, who were chief men, and for Joiarib and Elnathan, who were wise and understanding men. He did this out of respect for Iddo, who was the chief in Casiphia, since it was from there that he needed to obtain Levites - and by sending men of stature, they would, on account of their standing, achieve what they sought with ease.
Metzudat David
'For Eliezer' - [meaning] Eliezer. 'Teachers' (lit. 'those who give understanding') - wise men.
Malbim
'For Eliezer' - I sent them on a mission [the prefix 'for' (le-) here stands in place of the direct-object marker 'et,' as in 'they killed le-Avner,' meaning simply 'they killed Avner']. 'Chief men' - heads of the people; 'teachers' - men of understanding, sages.
And I gave them commandment to Iddo the chief at the place Casiphia; and I told them what they should say to Iddo and his brother, who were set over the place Casiphia, that they should bring to us ministers for the house of our God.
verse value 5861
Insights
Verse structure: 21 words, 113 letters. The shortest word is "them" (אוֹתָם֙, 4 letters) and the longest is "to·bring·to·us" (לְהָֽבִיא־לָ֥נוּ, 8 letters). Words sharing gematria 191: the·place, the·place. 8 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·I·commanded" (וָאֲצַוֶּ֤ה), "to·Iddo" (עַל־אִדּ֣וֹ), "and·I·put" (וָאָשִׂ֩ימָה֩). The root אדו appears 2 times in this verse. 15 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·the·house·of" (root בית, 64x in Ezra); "our·God" (root אלהים, 47x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·place', dividing the verse into phrases of 7 and 14 words.
Rashi
And I commanded them, etc. I sent them and commanded them to speak to Iddo, who was the greatest and most esteemed in Casiphia. to Iddo Heb. עַל אִדוֹ, lit. about Iddo. and I put...into their mouth I put into their mouth words to speak as my emissary to Iddo and his brother, who were placed and settled in Casiphia, to bring us servants to serve in the Temple. in Casiphia the name of a place in Babylon. Ahiv the name of a man. who were settled Heb. הַנְתִינִים, like הַנְתוּנִים, those who were settled. Therefore, it is written with a “vav.”
Ibn Ezra
And I gave them commandment (va'otza'ah) - Thus it is written [in the Ketiv], for the aleph is a root letter, on the pattern of “va'avo'ah” (I will come); “va'atzaveh” is the Qere, since a similar word is substituted for the sake of brevity. To Iddo the chief - For he was chief in the place of Casiphia. To Iddo his brother - The vav is missing, and correctly it should read “to Iddo and his brother/brothers,” who were Nethinim. And some say that “Achi” is the name of a man, the brother of Iddo, or his relative.
Ralbag
'And I told them what they should say' (lit. "and I put words in their mouths") - He arranged what they were to say in their mouths, so that it would be complete, and they would achieve what they sought. 'To Iddo and his brother, who were set over the place Casiphia' - Meaning, to Iddo, and his brother, and the Nethinim, so that they would bring them ministers for the house of Hashem from there - for the Nethinim, too, are ministers of the house of Hashem, and accordingly you find that both Levites and Nethinim did in fact come from there.
Metzudat David
'To Iddo' - to Iddo, who was the head in the place called Casiphia. 'And I told them' - meaning, I arranged for them what they were to say, etc. 'His brother' - [to be read] like 'and his brother.' 'The Nethinim' - meaning, Iddo and his brother were among the Nethinim who were in Casiphia. 'That they should bring' - the purpose of the mission was to bring us Levites who would minister in song.
Malbim
‘And I gave them commandment’ – I sent them on a mission to speak to Iddo [and every command concerning a third party is expressed with the word 'al (“concerning”), as in ‘and Pharaoh commanded men concerning him’ (Genesis 12:20)]. ‘At the place Casiphia’ – for there was also a province called Casiphia. ‘To Iddo and his brother, who were set over’ – who were officials appointed there by the king over that place.
And according to the good hand of our God upon us they brought us a man of discretion, of the sons of Mahli, the son of Levi, the son of Israel; and Sherebiah, with his sons and his brethren, eighteen;
verse value 3585
Insights
Verse structure: 16 words, 77 letters. Notable word values: "to·us" (לָ֜נוּ) = 86, equal to Elohim. The shortest word is "to·us" (לָ֜נוּ, 3 letters) and the longest is "like·the·hand·of·our·God" (כְּיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֨ינוּ, 9 letters). 7 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·they·brought" (וַיָּבִ֨יאּוּ), "like·the·hand·of·our·God" (כְּיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֨ינוּ), "of·discretion·of·the·sons·of" (שֶׂ֔כֶלמִבְּנֵ֣י). The root בן appears 3 times in this verse. 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·son·of·Levi" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "upon·us" (root על, 30x in Ezra); "like·the·hand·of·our·God" (root יד, 20x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Israel', dividing the verse into phrases of 10 and 5 words.
Rashi
according to the hand of our God just as the success of the Holy One, blessed be He, was upon us. a man of intellect a wise man. of the sons of Mahli... All these were Levites.
Ibn Ezra
A man of discretion - Scripture did not state his name. It is possible that he is Sherebiah, mentioned [later] in the verse, and that the vav [in “and Sherebiah”] is extra, like the vav in “and Aiah and Anah,” or a vav that continues the same matter without wishing to state it twice. So the meaning is: “a man of discretion, [namely] Sherebiah”; and Sherebiah, with his sons and brothers, were eighteen — and this is correct.
Metzudat David
'According to the hand of our God' — Just as the good hand of our God was upon us, so they succeeded and brought us a discerning man, [skilled] in the matter of song, who was of the sons of Mahli, etc.; it does not mention his name. 'And Sherebiah' — They also brought Sherebiah, together with his sons and his brothers.
Malbim
‘A man of discretion’ – this is Sherebiah; and it goes on to explain that ‘this Sherebiah,’ whom they brought, together with his sons and brothers, numbered eighteen.
and Hashabiah, and with him Jeshaiah of the sons of Merari, his brethren and their sons, twenty;
verse value 2850
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 40 letters. Verse gematria: 2850 is divisible by 50, the years to the Jubilee (yovel). The shortest word is "and·with·him" (וְאִתּ֥וֹ, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·Hashabiah" (וְאֶ֨ת־חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה, 8 letters). 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·Hashabiah" (וְאֶ֨ת־חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה), "and·with·him" (וְאִתּ֥וֹ), "Merari" (מְרָרִ֑י). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 7 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "of·the·sons·of" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "twenty" (root עשרים, 20x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Merari', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 3 words. Full calculation: וְאֶ֨ת־חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה [and·Hashabiah] (732) + וְאִתּ֥וֹ [and·with·him] (413) + יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖ה [Jeshaiah] (395) + מִבְּנֵ֣י [of·the·sons·of] (102) + מְרָרִ֑י [Merari] (450) + אֶחָ֥יו [his·brothers] (25) + וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם [and·their·sons] (113) + עֶשְׂרִֽים [twenty] (620) = 2850.
Ibn Ezra
And Hashabiah - They brought [him].
Metzudat David
'His brethren' — meaning, his companions; this is said with reference to the first [of the two], but the same applies to the second one as well — Scripture is simply being brief about something that is [otherwise] understood.
and of the Nethinim, whom David and the princes had given for the service of the Levites, two hundred and twenty Nethinim; all of them were mentioned by name.
verse value 5316
Insights
Verse structure: 12 words, 63 letters. The shortest word is "all·of·them" (כֻּלָּ֖ם, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·of·the·Nethinim" (וּמִן־הַנְּתִינִ֗ים, 10 letters). 6 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·of·the·Nethinim" (וּמִן־הַנְּתִינִ֗ים), "that·gave" (שֶׁנָּתַ֨ן), "and·the·princes" (וְהַשָּׂרִים֙). The root נתין appears 2 times in this verse. 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "two·hundred" (root מאה, 60x in Ezra); "all·of·them" (root כל, 33x in Ezra); "that·gave" (root נתן, 24x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·twenty', dividing the verse into phrases of 9 and 3 words. Full calculation: וּמִן־הַנְּתִינִ֗ים [and·of·the·Nethinim] (661) + שֶׁנָּתַ֨ן [that·gave] (800) + דָּוִ֤יד [David] (24) + וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ [and·the·princes] (561) + לַעֲבֹדַ֣ת [for·the·service·of] (506) + הַלְוִיִּ֔ם [the·Levites] (91) + נְתִינִ֖ים [Nethinim] (560) + מָאתַ֣יִם [two·hundred] (491) + וְעֶשְׂרִ֑ים [and·twenty] (626) + כֻּלָּ֖ם [all·of·them] (90) + נִקְּב֥וּ [were·mentioned] (158) + בְשֵׁמֽוֹת [by·names] (748) = 5316.
Rashi
And of the Nethinites And of the slaves, the Nethnites that King David had appointed, and the chefs of Israel ascended with them.
Metzudat David
'For the service of the Levites' — regarding the work of the house of Hashem. 'All of them were mentioned by name' — their names were specified, meaning, the prominent and well-known ones among them.
Metzudat Zion
Mentioned by name (nikvu) - They were specified; likewise, 'and he who explicitly pronounces the [Divine] Name' (Leviticus 24).
Malbim
‘And of the Nethinim’ – these are the Gibeonites whom David gave [for this service], for at first they were hewers of wood for the congregation, as Joshua states (Joshua 9:27).
Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God, to seek of Him a straight way, for us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance.
verse value 4632
Insights
Verse structure: 15 words, 71 letters. Notable word values: "Ahava" (אַהֲוָ֔א) = 13, the value of echad ('one') and ahavah ('love'). The shortest word is "there" (שָׁ֥ם, 2 letters) and the longest is "and·to·all·our·property" (וּלְכׇל־רְכוּשֵֽׁנוּ, 10 letters). Words sharing gematria 136: fast, from·him. 9 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·I·proclaimed" (וָאֶקְרָ֨א), "fast" (צוֹם֙), "upon·the·river" (עַל־הַנָּהָ֣ר). 15 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "our·God" (root אלהים, 47x in Ezra). First appearance of the root דרך ("way") in Ezra. First appearance of the root לנו ("to·us") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'our·God', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 7 words.
Rashi
to fast Heb. לְהִתְעַנוֹת to fast. a straight way that the Omnipresent lead us in peace.
Ibn Ezra
At the river Ahava - The construct form is missing; properly it should read “the river of Ahava.”
Ralbag
'Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river,' etc. - It appears that they already had many enemies and ambushers among the Samaritans, and when Ezra reached the river Ahava, the danger they faced from there to Jerusalem became clear to him. So Ezra resolved in his heart to fast and to pray to Hashem that He save them from every enemy and ambush along the way.
Metzudat David
'Then I proclaimed' — meaning, I decreed a fast by public announcement. 'At the river Ahava' — at the river that leads to Ahava. 'A straight way' — to travel by a road where the hand of an enemy or of an ambush would not overtake us.
Malbim
‘For us, and for our little ones’ – he first mentioned the main concern, [our] deliverance, and then adds a request even for the secondary matter, for this is the way of one who prays: to ask for a little and then add more, as it says, ‘Who can discern his errors? Clear me from hidden faults’ (Psalms 19:13), and as is stated in the midrash.
For I was ashamed to ask of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way; because we had spoken to the king, saying: ‘The hand of our God is upon all those who seek Him, for good; but His power and His wrath is against all those who forsake Him.’
verse value 4547
Insights
Verse structure: 19 words, 96 letters. The shortest word is "for" (כִּ֣י, 2 letters) and the longest is "upon·all·who·seek·him" (עַל־כׇּל־מְבַקְשָׁיו֙, 10 letters). 14 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "to·ask" (לִשְׁא֤וֹל), "from·the·king" (מִן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙), "army" (חַ֣יִל). The root מלך appears 2 times in this verse. 17 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "from·the·king" (root מלך, 77x in Ezra); "against" (root על, 30x in Ezra); "because·we·said" (root אמר, 26x in Ezra). First appearance of the root עזב ("all·who·forsake·him") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'in·the·way', dividing the verse into phrases of 9 and 10 words.
Rashi
For I was ashamed For I was ashamed of the king, and I did not wish to request of him chariots and horsemen in order to guide us. for we had said For we had already said to King Darius that the Holy One, blessed be He, benefits those who seek Him and pours out His wrath and His anger upon those who forsake Him.
Metzudat David
'For I was ashamed, etc.' — For this reason he did not send [an escort] with us, and I lived in fear of the enemy. 'Because we had said, etc.' — For this reason I did not ask for troops and horsemen; for had I asked, he would have answered, saying: 'Where are the words you spoke?' 'For good' — to do good for them. 'And His power' — the strength of His vengeance [is against all who forsake Him].
Metzudat Zion
Horsemen (parashim) - Those who ride horses with great skill.
Malbim
‘For I was ashamed’ – for although it would have been proper not to rely on a miracle – since even though messengers on a mitzvah-errand are not harmed, that rule differs where danger is common – and it would have been proper for them to ask for troops and horsemen, therefore it says that they were ashamed to request this, for they had said that Hashem's individual providence accompanies them always in a miraculous way, and so they requested this of God instead. ‘And He was entreated of us’ – Ibn Ezra explains that Hashem informed them of this through a dream; and one might say [it was] like Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa, who used to pray over the sick and would say, ‘This one will live and that one will die,’ etc., ‘if my prayer is fluent in my mouth,’ etc., as stated in the chapter Ein Omedin (Berachot 34b).
So we fasted and besought our God for this; and He was entreated of us.
verse value 2082
Insights
Verse structure: 6 words, 32 letters. Notable word values: "to·us" (לָֽנוּ) = 86, equal to Elohim. The shortest word is "to·us" (לָֽנוּ, 3 letters) and the longest is "from·our·God" (מֵאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ, 7 letters). 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·we·fasted" (וַנָּצ֛וּמָה), "and·we·besought" (וַנְּבַקְשָׁ֥ה), "from·our·God" (מֵאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ). 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "from·our·God" (root אלהים, 47x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'upon·this', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 2 words. Full calculation: וַנָּצ֛וּמָה [and·we·fasted] (197) + וַנְּבַקְשָׁ֥ה [and·we·besought] (463) + מֵאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ [from·our·God] (142) + עַל־זֹ֑את [upon·this] (508) + וַיֵּעָתֵ֖ר [and·he·was·entreated] (686) + לָֽנוּ [to·us] (86) = 2082.
Rashi
and He accepted our prayer for we arrived safely in Jerusalem.
Ibn Ezra
And He was entreated of us - [This was made known] through a prophet, or a vision in a dream. And the meaning: He was appeased toward us, and guided us on the straight path without stumbling.
Ralbag
'And He was entreated of us' - Ezra says this, for it appears that word reached them, through a prophet, that their prayer had been heard; or perhaps this prophecy came to Ezra himself, since some commentators hold that Malachi is in fact Ezra.
Metzudat David
'For this' — for a straight way. 'And He was entreated of us' — He accepted the entreaty of our prayer; and perhaps this was told to him through prophecy, or He spoke to him in a dream.
Metzudat Zion
Entreated (ye'ater) - An expression of the acceptance of prayer; likewise, 'and He was entreated of him' (Genesis 25).
Then I separated twelve of the chiefs of the priests, besides Sherebiah, Hashabiah, and ten of their brethren with them,
verse value 3420
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 50 letters. Verse gematria: 3420 is divisible by 18, the value of chai ('life'). The shortest word is "-teen" (עָשָׂ֑ר, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·I·separated" (וָאַבְדִּ֛ילָה, 7 letters). 6 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·I·separated" (וָאַבְדִּ֛ילָה), "of·the·chiefs·of" (מִשָּׂרֵ֥י), "besides·Sherebiah" (לְשֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֣ה). The root עשר appears 2 times in this verse. 9 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·with·them" (root עם, 50x in Ezra); "the·priests" (root כהן, 34x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on '-teen', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 5 words. Full calculation: וָאַבְדִּ֛ילָה [and·I·separated] (58) + מִשָּׂרֵ֥י [of·the·chiefs·of] (550) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים [the·priests] (130) + שְׁנֵ֣ים [two] (400) + עָשָׂ֑ר [-teen] (570) + לְשֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֣ה [besides·Sherebiah] (547) + חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה [Hashabiah] (325) + וְעִמָּהֶ֥ם [and·with·them] (161) + מֵאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם [of·their·brothers] (104) + עֲשָׂרָֽה [ten] (575) = 3420.
Rashi
And I separated And when I was there by the river Ahava, I separated some of the chiefs of the priests and weighed out the silver and the gold for them to deposit into the treasuries of the House of the Lord.
Ibn Ezra
Besides Sherebiah, Hashabiah - The [prefixed] lamed enters to indicate the specific person, and the meaning is: he set apart the persons of Sherebiah [and] Hashabiah.
Ralbag
'Then I separated twelve of the chiefs of the priests' - The intent is that, from the men who were under the authority of the chiefs of the priests, he set apart twelve men: namely Sherebiah and Hashabiah, who were Levites, together with ten of their brethren.
Metzudat David
'Sherebiah' — [that is,] Sherebiah and Hashabiah. 'Of their brethren' — of their colleagues, who were of the sons of Levi.
Malbim
‘Then I separated’ – because from this point they were entering upon the road through the wilderness, he assigned to them men of valor, to guard them from the hand of an enemy or an ambush along the way.
and weighed to them the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, even the offering for the house of our God, which the king, and his counselors, and his princes, and all Israel there present, had offered;
verse value 5937
Insights
Verse structure: 14 words, 87 letters. The shortest word is "to·them" (לָהֶ֔ם, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·house·of·our·God" (בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ, 9 letters). 8 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "the·silver" (אֶת־הַכֶּ֥סֶף), "and·the·gold" (וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב), "and·the·vessels" (וְאֶת־הַכֵּלִ֑ים). 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·king" (root מלך, 77x in Ezra); "the·house·of·our·God" (root בית, 64x in Ezra); "and·all·Israel" (root כל, 33x in Ezra). First appearance of the root שקל ("and·I·weighed") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·the·vessels', dividing the verse into phrases of 6 and 8 words.
Rashi
which...had offered which those living in Babylon had offered.
Ibn Ezra
Which... had offered (ha-herimu) - The heh here attaches to past-tense verbs, like “hehalechu” and “hashavah,” and its meaning is “that/which.”
Metzudat David
'And I weighed' — I handed it over to them by weight. 'Had offered' — which the king, and his counselors, and his princes, etc., had raised up and set aside. 'There present' — [meaning, those Israelites] in the kingdom of Babylon.
Malbim
‘And weighed to them’ – meaning, I weighed it into their hand; he weighed it first, and afterward they weighed it again a second time. So too in Jeremiah (32:9-10). As for ‘talents’ – each one is the weight of a talent.
and twenty bowls of gold, of a thousand darics; and two vessels of fine bright brass, precious as gold.
verse value 3291
Insights
Verse structure: 12 words, 53 letters. The shortest word is "gold" (זָהָב֙, 3 letters) and the longest is "of·darics" (לַאֲדַרְכֹנִ֖ים, 8 letters). 8 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·bowls·of" (וּכְפֹרֵ֤י), "of·darics" (לַאֲדַרְכֹנִ֖ים), "and·vessels·of" (וּכְלֵ֨י). The root זהב appears 2 times in this verse. 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "twenty" (root עשרים, 20x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'thousand', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 7 words. Full calculation: וּכְפֹרֵ֤י [and·bowls·of] (316) + זָהָב֙ [gold] (14) + עֶשְׂרִ֔ים [twenty] (620) + לַאֲדַרְכֹנִ֖ים [of·darics] (355) + אָ֑לֶף [thousand] (111) + וּכְלֵ֨י [and·vessels·of] (66) + נְחֹ֜שֶׁת [copper] (758) + מֻצְהָ֤ב [bright] (137) + טוֹבָה֙ [fine] (22) + שְׁנַ֔יִם [two] (400) + חֲמוּדֹ֖ת [precious] (458) + כַּזָּהָֽב [as·the·gold] (34) = 3291.
Rashi
And...sprinkling bowls bowls for sprinkling [the blood of the sacrifices]. of one thousand darics a type of coin. There were one thousand darics in these twenty sprinkling bowls of gold. golden of golden copper (or) a type of copper coin. fine Heb. טוֹבָה, the feminine form, modifying copper (נְחֹשֶּׁת). two two vessels. precious as gold Heb. חֲמוּדוֹת כַּזָהָב. He calls the vessels חֲמוּדוֹת in the feminine form.
Ibn Ezra
Darics (adarchonim) - The aleph is extra; it is like the word “darchemonim” (drachmas); by weight, the darics [here] number a thousand. Vessels of fine bright brass - In the sense of polished, brightly gleaming, and fine. [Such descriptive forms appear] sometimes in the masculine and sometimes in the feminine, as with “a great and strong wind,” and likewise “two precious things.”
Ralbag
'And twenty bowls of gold, of a thousand darics' - Meaning that their weight came, altogether, to a thousand darics. 'And vessels of fine bright brass' - 'Bright' (mutzhav) means having the color of gold; and 'brass' is described at times in the masculine and at times in the feminine, just as [we find] 'a great and strong wind' [described inconsistently in gender]. Here too the vessels are described in the feminine, and it says that they were as precious as gold.
Metzudat David
'Of a thousand darics' — each one weighed a thousand darics. 'Precious as gold' — considered as valuable as gold.
Metzudat Zion
Bowls (keforei) - Sprinkling basins. Darics (adarchonim) - The name of a coin known among them [the Persians]. Bright (mutzhav) - Having an appearance like the color of gold; likewise, '[hair that is] yellow' (Leviticus 13).
Malbim
‘Of a thousand darics’ – they were worth a thousand darics. ‘Fine bright brass’ – of a yellow appearance; and [the word] appears in both masculine and feminine forms, for ‘vessel’ is masculine, while ‘brass’ is feminine.
And I said to them: ‘You are holy to Hashem, and the vessels are holy; and the silver and the gold are a freewill-offering to Hashem, the God of your fathers.
verse value 2576
Insights
Verse structure: 13 words, 58 letters. The shortest word is "you" (אַתֶּ֥ם, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·the·vessels" (וְהַכֵּלִ֖ים, 6 letters). Words sharing gematria 404: holy, holy. 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·the·silver" (וְהַכֶּ֤סֶף), "your·fathers" (אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם). The root קדש appears 2 times in this verse. 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·God·of" (root אלהים, 47x in Ezra); "to·Hashem" (root יהוה, 37x in Ezra); "and·I·said" (root אמר, 26x in Ezra). First appearance of the root אתם ("you") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'holy', dividing the verse into phrases of 7 and 6 words. Full calculation: וָאֹמְרָ֣ה [and·I·said] (252) + אֲלֵהֶ֗ם [to·them] (76) + אַתֶּ֥ם [you] (441) + קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ [holy] (404) + לַיהֹוָ֔ה [to·Hashem] (56) + וְהַכֵּלִ֖ים [and·the·vessels] (111) + קֹ֑דֶשׁ [holy] (404) + וְהַכֶּ֤סֶף [and·the·silver] (171) + וְהַזָּהָב֙ [and·the·gold] (25) + נְדָבָ֔ה [freewill-offering] (61) + לַיהֹוָ֖ה [to·Hashem] (56) + אֱלֹהֵ֥י [the·God·of] (46) + אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם [your·fathers] (473) = 2576.
Rashi
to them to these chiefs of the priests.
Ralbag
'You are holy to Hashem' - The Levites themselves are holy, and it was for this reason that he entrusted the holy things to them, telling them to watch diligently over them until they should be weighed out before the chiefs of the priests and the Levites and the heads of the fathers' houses of Israel, to be brought to Jerusalem, to the chambers of the house of Hashem.
Metzudat David
'You are holy, etc.' — and it is fitting that what is holy be entrusted into holy hands. 'A freewill-offering to Hashem' — and so it is accounted as holy.
Malbim
‘You are holy,’ etc. – meaning, you are obligated to guard them, as it says, ‘and you shall keep the charge of the holy things’ (Numbers 18:5).
Watch you, and keep them, until you weigh them before the chiefs of the priests and the Levites, and the princes of the fathers’ houses of Israel, at Jerusalem, in the chambers of the house of Hashem.’
verse value 6067
Insights
Verse structure: 13 words, 70 letters. Notable word values: "Hashem" (יְהֹוָֽה) = 26, the value of the divine name Hashem. The shortest word is "chiefs·of" (שָׂרֵ֨י, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·princes·of·the·fathers" (וְשָׂרֵֽי־הָאָב֥וֹת, 9 letters). 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "watch" (שִׁקְד֣וּ), "and·keep" (וְשִׁמְר֗וּ), "until·you·weigh" (עַֽד־תִּשְׁקְל֡וּ). The root שר appears 2 times in this verse. 12 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "house·of" (root בית, 64x in Ezra); "in·Jerusalem" (root ירושלם, 48x in Ezra); "Hashem" (root יהוה, 37x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'in·Jerusalem', dividing the verse into phrases of 10 and 3 words. Full calculation: שִׁקְד֣וּ [watch] (410) + וְשִׁמְר֗וּ [and·keep] (552) + עַֽד־תִּשְׁקְל֡וּ [until·you·weigh] (910) + לִפְנֵי֩ [before] (170) + שָׂרֵ֨י [chiefs·of] (510) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים [the·priests] (130) + וְהַלְוִיִּ֛ם [and·the·Levites] (97) + וְשָׂרֵֽי־הָאָב֥וֹת [and·princes·of·the·fathers] (930) + לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל [of·Israel] (571) + בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם [in·Jerusalem] (588) + הַלִּשְׁכ֖וֹת [the·chambers] (761) + בֵּ֥ית [house·of] (412) + יְהֹוָֽה [Hashem] (26) = 6067.
Rashi
the chambers of the House of the Lord in order to deposit them in the chambers of the Temple.
Ibn Ezra
Watch you (shikdu) - The word “hashkeid” [to be watchful] is elided but should be understood, as in “I am watchful over My word” and “to watch at my doors.” And the meaning: watch over them, namely the silver and the gold. In the chambers of the house of Hashem - The meaning is: “[to] the officers of the chambers of the house of Hashem”; the heh of definiteness enters on the pattern of “the chambers,” and the word is irregular because of the construct state.
Metzudat David
'Watch you, and keep them' — hasten in seeing to the need of the vessels, the silver, and the gold, and guard them until you deliver them back by weight. 'Before the chiefs, etc.' — in order to place them in the chambers that are in the house of Hashem.
Metzudat Zion
Watch you (shikdu) - An expression of alacrity, as in 'for I am watchful' (Jeremiah 1).
Malbim
‘The chambers’ – the prefix ‘at’ in ‘at Jerusalem’ carries forward to govern ‘in the chambers’ of the house of Hashem as well [i.e., together: at Jerusalem, in the chambers of the house of Hashem].
So the priests and the Levites received the weight of the silver and the gold, and the vessels, to bring them to Jerusalem to the house of our God.
verse value 2350
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 58 letters. Verse gematria: 2350 is divisible by 50, the years to the Jubilee (yovel). The shortest word is "weight·of" (מִשְׁקַ֛ל, 4 letters) and the longest is "to·Jerusalem" (לִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם, 7 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·received" (וְקִבְּלוּ֙), "weight·of" (מִשְׁקַ֛ל). 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·house·of" (root בית, 64x in Ezra); "to·Jerusalem" (root ירושלם, 48x in Ezra); "our·God" (root אלהים, 47x in Ezra). First appearance of the root משקל ("weight·of") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·the·vessels', dividing the verse into phrases of 7 and 4 words. Full calculation: וְקִבְּלוּ֙ [and·received] (144) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים [the·priests] (130) + וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם [and·the·Levites] (97) + מִשְׁקַ֛ל [weight·of] (470) + הַכֶּ֥סֶף [the·silver] (165) + וְהַזָּהָ֖ב [and·the·gold] (25) + וְהַכֵּלִ֑ים [and·the·vessels] (111) + לְהָבִ֥יא [to·bring] (48) + לִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם [to·Jerusalem] (616) + לְבֵ֥ית [to·house·of] (442) + אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ [our·God] (102) = 2350.
Ibn Ezra
Received - And they would receive it. To the house of our God - For the needs of His house.
Metzudat David
'The weight of the silver' — meaning, they received the silver, etc., by weight.
Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go to Jerusalem; and the hand of our God was upon us, and He delivered us from the hand of the enemy and those lying in wait by the way.
verse value 5054
Insights
Verse structure: 17 words, 84 letters. Notable word values: "Ahava" (אַֽהֲוָ֗א) = 13, the value of echad ('one') and ahavah ('love'). The shortest word is "ten" (עָשָׂר֙, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·the·hand·of·our·God" (וְיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙, 9 letters). 10 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·we·departed" (וַֽנִּסְּעָ֞ה), "from·river·of" (מִנְּהַ֣ר), "in·two" (בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים). 17 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "Jerusalem" (root ירושלם, 48x in Ezra); "upon·us" (root על, 30x in Ezra); "and·the·hand·of·our·God" (root יד, 20x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Jerusalem', dividing the verse into phrases of 9 and 8 words.
Rashi
on the twelfth of the first month on the twelfth of Nissan the hand of our God was upon us to cause us to succeed in the way that we traversed.
Metzudat David
'From the river of Ahava' — from the river that leads to Ahava.
Metzudat Zion
Lying in wait (orev) - An enemy who sits in ambush, hidden from view.
And we came to Jerusalem, and stayed there three days.
verse value 2084
Insights
Verse structure: 6 words, 25 letters. The shortest word is "there" (שָׁ֖ם, 2 letters) and the longest is "Jerusalem" (יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם, 6 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·we·came" (וַנָּב֖וֹא). 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "Jerusalem" (root ירושלם, 48x in Ezra); "days" (root יום, 25x in Ezra); "three" (root שלוש, 22x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Jerusalem', dividing the verse into phrases of 2 and 4 words. Full calculation: וַנָּב֖וֹא [and·we·came] (65) + יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם [Jerusalem] (586) + וַנֵּ֥שֶׁב [and·we·stayed] (358) + שָׁ֖ם [there] (340) + יָמִ֥ים [days] (100) + שְׁלֹשָֽׁה [three] (635) = 2084.
And on the fourth day the silver and the gold and the vessels were weighed in the house of our God into the hand of Meremoth the son of Uriah the priest; and with him was Eleazar the son of Phinehas; and with them was Jozabad the son of Jeshua, and Noadiah the son of Binnui, the Levites;
verse value 4492
Insights
Verse structure: 21 words, 110 letters. The shortest word is "into" (עַ֠ל, 2 letters) and the longest is "hand·of·Meremoth" (יַד־מְרֵמ֤וֹת, 7 letters). 9 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "and·in·the·day" (וּבַיּ֣וֹם), "the·fourth" (הָרְבִיעִ֡י), "was·weighed" (נִשְׁקַ֣ל). The root בן appears 3 times in this verse. 18 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·son·of·Uriah" (root בן, 167x in Ezra); "in·house·of" (root בית, 64x in Ezra); "and·with·him" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). First appearance of the root יוזבד ("Jozabad") in Ezra. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·son·of·Phinehas', dividing the verse into phrases of 15 and 6 words.
Metzudat David
'Were weighed' — we handed over the silver, etc., by weight into the hand of Meremoth, etc.
the whole by number and by weight; and all the weight was written at that time.
verse value 2390
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 32 letters. The shortest word is "to·the·whole" (לַכֹּ֑ל, 3 letters) and the longest is "all·the·weight" (כׇּֽל־הַמִּשְׁקָ֖ל, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 472: by·weight, in·the·time. 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "by·weight" (בְּמִשְׁקָ֖ל), "and·was·written" (וַיִּכָּתֵ֥ב), "all·the·weight" (כׇּֽל־הַמִּשְׁקָ֖ל). The root משקל appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·the·whole" (root כל, 33x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'to·the·whole', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 4 words. Full calculation: בְּמִסְפָּ֥ר [by·number] (382) + בְּמִשְׁקָ֖ל [by·weight] (472) + לַכֹּ֑ל [to·the·whole] (80) + וַיִּכָּתֵ֥ב [and·was·written] (438) + כׇּֽל־הַמִּשְׁקָ֖ל [all·the·weight] (525) + בָּעֵ֥ת [in·the·time] (472) + הַהִֽיא [that] (21) = 2390.
Rashi
Everything was counted and weighed The number of the vessels and their weights was the same when they received them as when they itemized them.
Ibn Ezra
The whole (lit. “to all”) - [Referring] to the silver and to the gold.
Metzudat David
'By number' — we handed over the vessels by number and by weight, each and every one. 'And it was written' — so that it would stand as a record.
Malbim
‘By number’ – [this includes] both the number and the weight; thus they wrote down even the weight, and all the more so the number.
The children of the captivity, who had come out of exile, offered burnt-offerings to the God of Israel, twelve bullocks for all Israel, ninety-six rams, seventy-seven lambs, twelve he-goats for a sin-offering; all this was a burnt-offering to Hashem.
verse value 8662
Insights
Verse structure: 23 words, 115 letters. The shortest word is "ten" (עָשָׂ֑ר, 3 letters) and the longest is "for·all·Israel" (עַל־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙, 9 letters). Words sharing gematria 111: sons·of·the·exile, burnt-offering. 10 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "the·ones·who·came" (הַ֠בָּאִ֠ים), "offered" (הִקְרִ֥יבוּ), "to·the·God·of" (לֵאלֹהֵ֣י). The root עלה appears 2 times in this verse. 19 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·the·God·of" (root אלהים, 47x in Ezra); "to·Hashem" (root יהוה, 37x in Ezra); "the·whole" (root כל, 33x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'ten', dividing the verse into phrases of 20 and 3 words.
Rashi
Those coming from captivity, the people of the exile those who came with Ezra. offered up burnt offerings all were burnt offerings, and it was a temporary ruling.
Ibn Ezra
For all Israel, and the deficient [numbers] - [These] correspond to the fathers of Israel, who are twelve tribes; but the ninety-six and the seventy-seven were according to their means, having no [deeper] significance. Bulls and he-goats are described in feminine terms, and conversely, wives and concubines are described in masculine terms. And they carried the people - In the sense that the men of his place would carry him; and its meaning has already been explained [elsewhere].
Ralbag
'All this was a burnt-offering to Hashem' - Meaning, apart from the sin-offerings. This was a ruling for that occasion alone; and it appears that they offered twelve bullocks and twelve he-goats as a sin-offering to signal their purification from the sin of idolatry, for which the community is liable - for an erroneous communal ruling in this matter - to bring a bullock and a goat for each and every tribe. But the bullocks were not [true] sin-offerings, since this sin, for which one would be liable to bring such an offering, had not actually befallen them; rather, this was done only to signal this matter, and nothing more.
Metzudat David
'Who had come, etc.' — this is [a case of] inverted [word order]; it is as though it read, 'the children of the captivity who had come from the exile.' 'For all Israel' — on behalf of all Israel. 'All this was a burnt-offering' — meaning, even the sin-offerings were entirely consumed like a burnt-offering, and the priests did not eat of them; this was a ruling for that time alone.
Metzudat Zion
He-goats (tzefirei) - [Same as] he-goats.
Malbim
‘All this was a burnt-offering’ – we have already mentioned (6:17) that this was a temporary ruling.
And they delivered the king’s commissions to the king’s satraps, and to the governors beyond the River; and they furthered the people and the house of God.
verse value 4987
Insights
Verse structure: 12 words, 62 letters. The shortest word is "beyond" (עֵ֣בֶר, 3 letters) and the longest is "to·satraps·of" (לַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי֙, 9 letters). Words sharing gematria 95: the·king, the·king. 7 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Ezra. Unique to this verse in Ezra (hapax): "decrees·of" (אֶת־דָּתֵ֣י), "to·satraps·of" (לַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי֙), "and·governors·of" (וּפַחֲו֖וֹת). The root מלך appears 2 times in this verse. 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·king" (root מלך, 77x in Ezra); "and·the·house·of" (root בית, 64x in Ezra); "the·people" (root עם, 50x in Ezra). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·River', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 4 words. Full calculation: וַֽיִּתְּנ֣וּ [and·they·gave] (472) + אֶת־דָּתֵ֣י [decrees·of] (815) + הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ [the·king] (95) + לַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי֙ [to·satraps·of] (683) + הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ [the·king] (95) + וּפַחֲו֖וֹת [and·governors·of] (506) + עֵ֣בֶר [beyond] (272) + הַנָּהָ֑ר [the·River] (260) + וְנִשְּׂא֥וּ [and·they·furthered] (363) + אֶת־הָעָ֖ם [the·people] (516) + וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית [and·the·house·of] (819) + הָאֱלֹהִֽים [God] (91) = 4987.
Rashi
And they gave the king’s decrees These returnees from exile related King Darius’s mandate to the officers of the king, those who see his face. and the governors Heb. וּפַחֲווֹת, like וְפַחוֹת. the land beyond the river those on the side of the land of Israel, who are considered as being beyond the river of the inhabitants of Babylon. and they exalted They were exalting and assisting.
Ralbag
'And they delivered the king's commissions,' etc. - These were the letters that Artaxerxes had sent them concerning Ezra's request.
Metzudat David
'The king's commissions' — the law of the king's decree, which he had placed in Ezra's hand, as stated above. 'And they furthered' — they supported and uplifted the people, etc.
Metzudat Zion
Satraps (achashdarpenei) - A type of high office known among them. Governors (pachavot) - From the word 'pechah,' [meaning] governor, ruler.
Malbim
‘To the ... satraps’ – we have already explained (7:11) that the letter was addressed to the peoples as well, and that each people had its own satraps appointed by the king, and a governor, as we wrote in our commentary on the Scroll of Esther; and they gave them the king's decree, which had reached them as well.
Rashi
Ibn Ezra
Ralbag
Metzudat David
Malbim