The generations of the priests and Levites are set down from Zerubbabel's day through the reigns — and then the wall itself is dedicated with gladness, with thanksgivings and singing, cymbals, psalteries, and harps. Two great companies of them that give thanks walk upon the wall in opposite directions — princes, priests with trumpets, the singers — and meet in the house of God; the joy of Jerusalem is heard even afar off. Watches are set over the treasuries for the offerings, 'for Judah rejoiced for the priests and for the Levites who took their stations.'
Tap any Hebrew word to reveal its root, value, and meanings.
Now these are the priests and the Levites who went up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra;
verse value 3501
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 56 letters. The shortest word is "that" (אֲשֶׁ֥ר, 3 letters) and the longest is "son·of·Shealtiel" (בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֖ל, 9 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "son·of·Shealtiel" (בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֖ל). 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "son·of·Shealtiel" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "that" (root אשר, 66x in Nehemiah); "and·the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·Jeshua', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 3 words. Full calculation: וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ [and·these] (42) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים [the·priests] (130) + וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם [and·the·Levites] (97) + אֲשֶׁ֥ר [that] (501) + עָל֛וּ [went·up] (106) + עִם־זְרֻבָּבֶ֥ל [with·Zerubbabel] (351) + בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֖ל [son·of·Shealtiel] (824) + וְיֵשׁ֑וּעַ [and·Jeshua] (392) + שְׂרָיָ֥ה [Seraiah] (515) + יִרְמְיָ֖ה [Jeremiah] (265) + עֶזְרָֽא [Ezra] (278) = 3501.
Rashi
and Jeshua That is Joshua the High Priest.
Ralbag
'...and Jeshua' — this is Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the High Priest. 'Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra' — all these who are named, who are heads of the priests, are heads of the [priestly] watches; and only twenty-two of them are counted here — perhaps there were not yet more watches than that at the time, for in the days of David there were twenty-four watches.
Metzudat David
'And Jeshua' — this is Joshua the High Priest; he, together with Zerubbabel, was one of the heads of those who went up from the exile. 'Seraiah' — meaning: and these are the priests who went up: Seraiah, etc.
Malbim
Now these are — [the text] lists the heads who lived in the days of Zerubbabel's first ascent [to the Land]. You will find that everyone mentioned here also appears among the signatories [of the covenant, above, chapter 10], except that here six more are added after Shemaiah; conversely, there are six others there that are not mentioned here, namely Zedekiah, Pashhur, Malchijah, Daniel, Baruch, and Meshullam — these came later, and due to their importance became heads of the priestly [families], displacing the six who are counted here last. The total number is twenty-two, both there and here — yet it should have been twenty-four, [one] for each watch. It must be said that two of them had sons who were also heads of watches, or that Jeshua the High Priest, whom I have not counted [separately], had two sons among them who were heads.
Verse structure: 3 words, 12 letters. Verse gematria: 1313 is divisible by 13, the value of echad ('one') and ahavah ('love'). The shortest word is "Rehum" (רְחֻ֖ם, 3 letters) and the longest is "Shecaniah" (שְׁכַנְיָ֥ה, 5 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Shecaniah" (שְׁכַנְיָ֥ה), "Rehum" (רְחֻ֖ם), "Meremoth" (מְרֵמֹֽת). 3 unique roots are used. Full calculation: שְׁכַנְיָ֥ה [Shecaniah] (385) + רְחֻ֖ם [Rehum] (248) + מְרֵמֹֽת [Meremoth] (680) = 1313.
Verse structure: 3 words, 13 letters. Notable word values: "Abijah" (אֲבִיָּֽה) = 18, chai, 'life'. The shortest word is "Iddo" (עִדּ֥וֹא, 4 letters) and the longest is "Ginnethoi" (גִנְּת֖וֹי, 5 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Iddo" (עִדּ֥וֹא), "Ginnethoi" (גִנְּת֖וֹי). 3 unique roots are used. Full calculation: עִדּ֥וֹא [Iddo] (81) + גִנְּת֖וֹי [Ginnethoi] (469) + אֲבִיָּֽה [Abijah] (18) = 568.
Verse structure: 3 words, 14 letters. The shortest word is "Bilgah" (בִּלְגָּֽה, 4 letters) and the longest is "Mijamin" (מִיָּמִ֥ין, 5 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Mijamin" (מִיָּמִ֥ין), "Maadiah" (מַֽעַדְיָ֖ה), "Bilgah" (בִּלְגָּֽה). 3 unique roots are used. Full calculation: מִיָּמִ֥ין [Mijamin] (150) + מַֽעַדְיָ֖ה [Maadiah] (129) + בִּלְגָּֽה [Bilgah] (40) = 319.
Verse structure: 3 words, 17 letters. The shortest word is "Shemaiah" (שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה, 5 letters) and the longest is "and·Joiarib" (וְיוֹיָרִ֖יב, 7 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Joiarib" (וְיוֹיָרִ֖יב). 3 unique roots are used. Full calculation: שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה [Shemaiah] (425) + וְיוֹיָרִ֖יב [and·Joiarib] (244) + יְדַֽעְיָֽה [Jedaiah] (99) = 768.
Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, Jedaiah. These were the chiefs of the priests and their brethren in the days of Jeshua.
verse value 1759
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 44 letters. Notable word values: "these" (אֵ֣לֶּה) = 36, double chai. The shortest word is "Sallu" (סַלּ֣וּ, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·priests" (הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים, 6 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Sallu" (סַלּ֣וּ), "Amok" (עָמ֔וֹק), "Hilkiah" (חִלְקִיָּ֖ה). 10 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "in·the·days·of" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "the·priests" (root כהן, 44x in Nehemiah); "and·their·brothers" (root אח, 27x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Jedaiah', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 6 words. Full calculation: סַלּ֣וּ [Sallu] (96) + עָמ֔וֹק [Amok] (216) + חִלְקִיָּ֖ה [Hilkiah] (153) + יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה [Jedaiah] (99) + אֵ֣לֶּה [these] (36) + רָאשֵׁ֧י [chiefs·of] (511) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים [the·priests] (130) + וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם [and·their·brothers] (70) + בִּימֵ֥י [in·the·days·of] (62) + יֵשֽׁוּעַ [Jeshua] (386) = 1759.
Rashi
in the days of Jeshua i.e., those who were leaders in the days of Joshua the High Priest.
Metzudat David
'And their brethren' — meaning, [Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, and Jedaiah] went up together with their brethren, and these [brethren] are the rest of the priests. 'In the days of Jeshua' — this refers back to 'the chiefs,' to say that they were the chiefs of the priests in the days of Joshua the High Priest.
Moreover the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, who was over the thanksgiving, he and his brethren.
verse value 2356
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 50 letters. The shortest word is "he" (ה֥וּא, 3 letters) and the longest is "over·the·thanksgiving" (עַֽל־הֻיְּד֖וֹת, 7 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "over·the·thanksgiving" (עַֽל־הֻיְּד֖וֹת). 10 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah); "and·his·brothers" (root אח, 27x in Nehemiah); "Judah" (root יהודה, 26x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Mattaniah', dividing the verse into phrases of 7 and 3 words. Full calculation: וְהַלְוִיִּ֗ם [and·the·Levites] (97) + יֵשׁ֧וּעַ [Jeshua] (386) + בִּנּ֛וּי [Binnui] (68) + קַדְמִיאֵ֥ל [Kadmiel] (185) + שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה [Sherebiah] (517) + יְהוּדָ֣ה [Judah] (30) + מַתַּנְיָ֑ה [Mattaniah] (505) + עַֽל־הֻיְּד֖וֹת [over·the·thanksgiving] (525) + ה֥וּא [he] (12) + וְאֶחָֽיו [and·his·brothers] (31) = 2356.
Rashi
huyedoth [This was] a type of musical instrument which accompanied the songs.
Ibn Ezra
"who was over the thanksgiving" [ha-yedot] — a noun, in the sense of 'giving thanks to Hashem,' for it is of the same root and meaning.
Ralbag
'Moreover the Levites: Jeshua,' etc. — these were heads of watches. 'who was over the thanksgiving [al ha-yedot]' — the word is built on the pattern of a regular [three-letter] root, and it is the form that functions as an infinitive of the verb; the sense is that they were heads of the watches in charge of giving thanks to Hashem, and they were the singers.
Metzudat David
'Moreover the Levites' — those who went up with them were Jeshua, etc. 'Who was over the thanksgiving' — who was appointed over the thanksgivings and praises, to take the lead in beginning them, as stated above. 'And Mattaniah, etc.' — he was the one who was chief to begin the thanksgiving, etc., as stated above. 'He and his brethren' — he went up together with his brethren, who were his men and the members of his group.
Metzudat Zion
'the thanksgiving' — from the language of thanksgiving (hoda'ah) and praise (hallel).
Malbim
Moreover the Levites — Now, of those who signed among the Levites [above, chapter 10], only the first four appear here; and above, only seventeen appear among the signatories. One could say that together with the seven counted in chapter 11 (verses 15-20), they [total] the twenty-four heads of the watches; or one could say that the five added here, from Judah onward, complete the twenty-two [to match] the number of the priests. And what is stated, 'his brethren, [who stood] opposite them,' refers to the two brothers of Bakbukiah, namely Cheresh and Galal, whom Chronicles counted — together they are twenty-four. 'Al HaYedot' — in my opinion, is a proper noun; one [of them] was named 'Al HaYedot,' as can also be shown from the fact that 'Mattaniah' carries the etnachta [the main cantillation pause].
Also Bakbukiah and Unni, their brethren, were over against them in wards.
verse value 1700
Insights
Verse structure: 6 words, 32 letters. Verse gematria: 1700 is divisible by 50, the years to the Jubilee (yovel). The shortest word is "and·Unni" (וְעֻנִּ֧י, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·Bakbukiah" (וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה, 7 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Unni" (וְעֻנִּ֧י), "in·wards" (לְמִשְׁמָרֽוֹת). 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "their·brothers" (root אח, 27x in Nehemiah); "before·them" (root נגד, 24x in Nehemiah).
Rashi
in the watches as we find (in I Chronicles from ch. 24 on) that the Levites were divided into twenty- four watches.
Metzudat David
'Their brethren' — namely, the brethren of Mattaniah and his men. 'Over against them' — opposite them and equal to them; they, together with their men, were divided into watches just as Mattaniah's group was.
And Jeshua begot Joiakim, and Joiakim begot Eliashib, and Eliashib begot Joiada,
verse value 2875
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 52 letters. The shortest word is "and·Jeshua" (וְיֵשׁ֖וּעַ, 5 letters) and the longest is "Joiakim" (אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים, 8 letters). Words sharing gematria 55: begot, begot. 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Joiakim" (אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים), "and·Joiakim" (וְיֽוֹיָקִים֙), "Eliashib" (אֶת־אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב). The root ילד appears 2 times in this verse. 5 unique roots are used. First appearance of the root ילד ("begot") in Nehemiah. First appearance of the root יויקים ("Joiakim") in Nehemiah. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Joiakim', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 5 words. Full calculation: וְיֵשׁ֖וּעַ [and·Jeshua] (392) + הוֹלִ֣יד [begot] (55) + אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים [Joiakim] (577) + וְיֽוֹיָקִים֙ [and·Joiakim] (182) + הוֹלִ֣יד [begot] (55) + אֶת־אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב [Eliashib] (754) + וְאֶלְיָשִׁ֖יב [and·Eliashib] (359) + אֶת־יוֹיָדָֽע [Joiada] (501) = 2875.
Rashi
Now Jeshua begot Joiakim, etc. All those [listed] in this verse were high priests.
Ralbag
'And Jeshua begot Joiakim,' etc. — all these were High Priests, generation after generation.
Metzudat David
'And Jeshua' — Joshua the High Priest begot Joiakim, and Joiakim served in his place as High Priest; and so too all those listed here served as High Priest, one after another.
Malbim
And Jeshua begot Joiakim — Now, regarding this verse, all the great scholars have been at a loss. For our Sages said (Seder Olam, chapter 30, and Avodah Zarah 9a) that Persian rule extended over the Temple for thirty-four years — that is, that from the building of the Temple until the days of Alexander of Macedon were thirty-four years. And they said that Shimon HaTzaddik went out to meet Alexander when he returned from his war with Darius, so that Shimon HaTzaddik was accordingly the second generation after Ezra and Nehemiah, as the Rambam wrote in his introduction to Seder Zeraim, and as many others wrote as well, and rightly so. But how could six generations have been born in so short a span — particularly according to Rashi, who wrote that all of them were High Priests? And although it is stated in Yuchasin that they have a tradition that Jaddua was the father of Shimon HaTzaddik, and we do not know where they got this tradition from — still, I do not know what all this fuss is about. Who told them that they were all born within those thirty-four years? Suppose we say that Jeshua the son of Jozadak, who returned from the Babylonian exile and built the Temple, was then a hundred and five years old, and that he and his sons each fathered [the next generation] at age fifteen. Then, by the time Jeshua the son of Jozadak was ninety years old, Shimon HaTzaddik had already been born; and by the time [Jeshua] built the Temple, Shimon HaTzaddik was fifteen years old. And by the time of Alexander he was already forty-five years old. And if Jeshua had been ninety years old at the time the Temple was built, Shimon HaTzaddik would have been thirty years old at the time of Alexander's reign — so what is all this fuss about? Now, it is explained above (chapter 3) that at the time the building of the wall was completed, Eliashib was already called by the title High Priest; for after the building of the Temple, Jeshua died and Joiakim was appointed in his place, and Joiakim died — he too being elderly — and Eliashib was appointed. It could well be that Eliashib and his sons lived many years, and that after Eliashib's death they chose Shimon HaTzaddik, since he was more worthy than his forebears; or that one or two of the sons served as High Priest during that time; or that they all served in succession by happenstance — the High Priest having contracted ritual impurity, or the like. With this we need not resort to the forced claim that a later scribe added material to the book of Nehemiah — namely, that Nehemiah, who lived in the days of Jeshua and Joiakim, had already witnessed all the later generations, who were in fact already born in those very days. And in the same way you can answer the reckoning in Chronicles, which counts nine generations among the sons of Jeconiah, as will be explained in its place.
and Joiada begot Jonathan and Jonathan begot Jaddua.
verse value 2146
Insights
Verse structure: 6 words, 35 letters. The shortest word is "begot" (הוֹלִ֣יד, 5 letters) and the longest is "Jonathan" (אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֔ן, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 55: begot, begot. 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Joiada" (וְיוֹיָדָע֙), "Jonathan" (אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֔ן), "and·Jonathan" (וְיוֹנָתָ֖ן). The root ילד appears 2 times in this verse. 4 unique roots are used. First appearance of the root יונתן ("Jonathan") in Nehemiah. Full calculation: וְיוֹיָדָע֙ [and·Joiada] (106) + הוֹלִ֣יד [begot] (55) + אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֔ן [Jonathan] (917) + וְיוֹנָתָ֖ן [and·Jonathan] (522) + הוֹלִ֥יד [begot] (55) + אֶת־יַדּֽוּעַ [Jaddua] (491) = 2146.
And in the days of Joiakim were priests, heads of fathers’ houses: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah;
verse value 2533
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 48 letters. The shortest word is "were" (הָי֥וּ, 3 letters) and the longest is "Joiakim" (יֽוֹיָקִ֔ים, 6 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Seraiah" (לִשְׂרָיָ֣ה), "Meraiah" (מְרָיָ֔ה), "of·Jeremiah" (לְיִרְמְיָ֖ה). 10 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·in·days·of" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "were" (root היה, 48x in Nehemiah); "priests" (root כהן, 44x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·fathers', dividing the verse into phrases of 6 and 4 words. Full calculation: וּבִימֵי֙ [and·in·days·of] (68) + יֽוֹיָקִ֔ים [Joiakim] (176) + הָי֥וּ [were] (21) + כֹהֲנִ֖ים [priests] (125) + רָאשֵׁ֣י [heads·of] (511) + הָאָב֑וֹת [the·fathers] (414) + לִשְׂרָיָ֣ה [of·Seraiah] (545) + מְרָיָ֔ה [Meraiah] (255) + לְיִרְמְיָ֖ה [of·Jeremiah] (295) + חֲנַנְיָֽה [Hananiah] (123) = 2533.
Rashi
And in the days of Joiakim who was the high priest. These priests were the leaders of the fathers’ houses of their watches. of Seraiah was Meraiah Of the watch of Seraiah, the head of the father’s house was Meraiah, and of the watch of Jeremiah, the head of the father’s house was Hananiah, and so it is with them all, and the reason Scripture did not list all twenty-four watches is that it is not exacting in enumerating them all.
Ibn Ezra
"of Seraiah, Meraiah" — the lamed [prefixed to 'le-Serayah'] indicates that Seraiah was head over Meraiah, or perhaps the reverse.
Ralbag
'And in the days of Joiakim were priests, heads of fathers' houses,' etc. — since he had already counted, earlier, the heads of the priestly watches in the days of Joshua the High Priest, he now proceeds to count the heads of the watches in the days of Joiakim his son, and says that Meraiah was head of the watch of Seraiah. Now he did not mention all of them, for he omitted Hattush — perhaps his watch had been joined to one of the [other] watches. And by saying, 'of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniamin,' he means that Zichri was head of the watch of both Abijah and Miniamin. Or, alternatively, it may mean that Piltai was head of two watches, Miniamin and Moadiah.
Metzudat David
'Of Seraiah' — for the watch of the men of Seraiah, Meraiah was the head, and so for all the rest; he did not trouble to mention all twenty-four watches. These are the same chiefs of the priests mentioned above, with the names somewhat changed; also, above he mentioned only twenty-two, whereas here he combines Miniamin and Moadiah into a single one, and does not mention Hattush — perhaps he included it under the name 'Mi.'
Malbim
And in the days of Joiakim — other heads of fathers' houses were appointed. Now, [the text] does not list Hattush, and does not mention who succeeded Miniamin; one could say that they were still alive and remained heads of the fathers' houses also in the days of Joiakim. But what is puzzling is this: according to what is stated in chapter 3 — 'Then Eliashib the high priest rose up... and they built the Sheep Gate' — at the time the wall was built, Eliashib was already High Priest. How, then, in the covenant they made to keep the Torah (chapter 10), which came afterward, is it the earlier heads of the fathers' houses who are the ones who signed? To this I answer with one of two [explanations]: either, as stated above, that this entire episode took place still at the beginning of their ascent [to the Land], in the days of Cyrus the first; or that their ceasing to be heads of the fathers' houses was not because they died, but because of old age — and that nevertheless they remained officers, more honored than those who succeeded them, and therefore it was they who signed.
Verse structure: 4 words, 21 letters. The shortest word is "Meshullam" (מְשֻׁלָּ֔ם, 4 letters) and the longest is "of·Amariah" (לַאֲמַרְיָ֖ה, 6 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Amariah" (לַאֲמַרְיָ֖ה), "Jehohanan" (יְהוֹחָנָֽן). 4 unique roots are used. Full calculation: לְעֶזְרָ֣א [of·Ezra] (308) + מְשֻׁלָּ֔ם [Meshullam] (410) + לַאֲמַרְיָ֖ה [of·Amariah] (286) + יְהוֹחָנָֽן [Jehohanan] (129) = 1133.
Verse structure: 5 words, 27 letters. The shortest word is "Joseph" (יוֹסֵֽף, 4 letters) and the longest is "of·Melicu" (לִמְלִ֙יכוּ֙, 6 letters). 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Melicu" (לִמְלִ֙יכוּ֙), "Jonathan" (יֽוֹנָתָ֔ן), "of·Shebaniah" (לִשְׁבַנְיָ֖ה). 4 unique roots are used.
Verse structure: 4 words, 18 letters. The shortest word is "of·Harim" (לְחָרִ֣ם, 4 letters) and the longest is "of·Meraioth" (לִמְרָי֖וֹת, 6 letters). 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Harim" (לְחָרִ֣ם), "Adna" (עַדְנָ֔א), "of·Meraioth" (לִמְרָי֖וֹת). 4 unique roots are used. Full calculation: לְחָרִ֣ם [of·Harim] (278) + עַדְנָ֔א [Adna] (125) + לִמְרָי֖וֹת [of·Meraioth] (686) + חֶלְקָֽי [Helkai] (148) = 1237.
Ralbag
'of Harim' — he is Rehum (above, 12:3). 'of Meraioth' — he is Meremoth (there).
Verse structure: 5 words, 25 letters. Verse gematria: 1417 is divisible by 13, the value of echad ('one') and ahavah ('love'). The shortest word is "Meshullam" (מְשֻׁלָּֽם, 4 letters) and the longest is "of·Ginnethon" (לְגִנְּת֥וֹן, 6 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Iddo" (לְעִדּ֥וֹא), "of·Ginnethon" (לְגִנְּת֥וֹן). 4 unique roots are used.
of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniamin; of Moadiah, Piltai;
verse value 809
Insights
Verse structure: 5 words, 27 letters. The shortest word is "Zichri" (זִכְרִ֑י, 4 letters) and the longest is "of·Miniamin" (לְמִ֨נְיָמִ֔ין, 7 letters). 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Abijah" (לַאֲבִיָּ֖ה), "Zichri" (זִכְרִ֑י), "of·Miniamin" (לְמִ֨נְיָמִ֔ין). 5 unique roots are used. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Zichri', dividing the verse into phrases of 2 and 3 words. Full calculation: לַאֲבִיָּ֖ה [of·Abijah] (48) + זִכְרִ֑י [Zichri] (237) + לְמִ֨נְיָמִ֔ין [of·Miniamin] (230) + לְמוֹעַדְיָ֖ה [of·Moadiah] (165) + פִּלְטָֽי [Piltai] (129) = 809.
Ralbag
'of Miniamin' — he is Miyamin (above, 12:5). 'of Moadiah' — he is Maadiah (there).
Metzudat David
'Of Miniamin; of Moadiah' — that watch was called by both names, after both of them.
Verse structure: 4 words, 21 letters. Verse gematria: 1462 is divisible by 86, the value of Elohim. The shortest word is "Shammua" (שַׁמּ֔וּעַ, 4 letters) and the longest is "of·Shemaiah" (לִֽשְׁמַעְיָ֖ה, 6 letters). 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Bilgah" (לְבִלְגָּ֣ה), "Shammua" (שַׁמּ֔וּעַ), "of·Shemaiah" (לִֽשְׁמַעְיָ֖ה). 4 unique roots are used. Full calculation: לְבִלְגָּ֣ה [of·Bilgah] (70) + שַׁמּ֔וּעַ [Shammua] (416) + לִֽשְׁמַעְיָ֖ה [of·Shemaiah] (455) + יְהוֹנָתָֽן [Jehonathan] (521) = 1462.
Verse structure: 4 words, 21 letters. Verse gematria: 990 is divisible by 18, the value of chai ('life'). The shortest word is "Uzzi" (עֻזִּֽי, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·of·Joiarib" (וּלְיוֹיָרִ֣יב, 8 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·of·Joiarib" (וּלְיוֹיָרִ֣יב), "Mattenai" (מַתְּנַ֔י). 4 unique roots are used. Full calculation: וּלְיוֹיָרִ֣יב [and·of·Joiarib] (274) + מַתְּנַ֔י [Mattenai] (500) + לִֽידַֽעְיָ֖ה [of·Jedaiah] (129) + עֻזִּֽי [Uzzi] (87) = 990.
Verse structure: 4 words, 15 letters. The shortest word is "Kallai" (קַלָּ֖י, 3 letters) and the longest is "of·Amok" (לְעָמ֥וֹק, 5 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Sallai" (לְסַלַּ֥י), "Kallai" (קַלָּ֖י), "of·Amok" (לְעָמ֥וֹק). 4 unique roots are used. Full calculation: לְסַלַּ֥י [of·Sallai] (130) + קַלָּ֖י [Kallai] (140) + לְעָמ֥וֹק [of·Amok] (246) + עֵֽבֶר [Eber] (272) = 788.
Verse structure: 4 words, 22 letters. The shortest word is "Hashabiah" (חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה, 5 letters) and the longest is "of·Hilkiah" (לְחִלְקִיָּ֣ה, 6 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "of·Hilkiah" (לְחִלְקִיָּ֣ה). 4 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "Nethanel" (root נתן, 45x in Nehemiah). Full calculation: לְחִלְקִיָּ֣ה [of·Hilkiah] (183) + חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה [Hashabiah] (325) + לִֽידַֽעְיָ֖ה [of·Jedaiah] (129) + נְתַנְאֵֽל [Nethanel] (531) = 1168.
The Levites in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, and Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded heads of fathers’ houses; also the priests, in the reign of Darius the Persian.
verse value 3837
Insights
Verse structure: 13 words, 69 letters. The shortest word is "in·days·of" (בִּימֵ֨י, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·the·priests" (וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים, 7 letters). 6 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Johanan" (וְיוֹחָנָן֙), "and·Jaddua" (וְיַדּ֔וּעַ), "fathers" (אָב֑וֹת). 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "in·days·of" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah); "and·the·priests" (root כהן, 44x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'fathers', dividing the verse into phrases of 9 and 4 words. Full calculation: הַלְוִיִּם֩ [the·Levites] (91) + בִּימֵ֨י [in·days·of] (62) + אֶלְיָשִׁ֜יב [Eliashib] (353) + יוֹיָדָ֤ע [Joiada] (100) + וְיוֹחָנָן֙ [and·Johanan] (130) + וְיַדּ֔וּעַ [and·Jaddua] (96) + כְּתוּבִ֖ים [written] (478) + רָאשֵׁ֣י [heads·of] (511) + אָב֑וֹת [fathers] (409) + וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים [and·the·priests] (136) + עַל־מַלְכ֖וּת [in·kingdom·of] (596) + דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ [Darius] (520) + הַפָּֽרְסִֽי [the·Persian] (355) = 3837.
Rashi
The Levites in the days of Eliashib These Levites were the heads of the fathers’ houses in the watches of the Levites in the days of Eliashib the High Priest, and the priests enumerated immediately above were the heads of the fathers’ houses in their watches, also in the days of Eliashib. in the reign of This matter came about in the days of Darius.
Ralbag
'...were recorded heads of fathers' houses,' etc. — it appears that in the days of Darius the Persian, who was the father of Artaxerxes, Eliashib was High Priest, and that he continued as High Priest even in the days of Artaxerxes, more than thirty-two years after he began to reign, as will become clear from what is yet to come in this book. And a book of records was made at that time, containing [the names of] these heads [of families], but it is not in our possession.
Metzudat David
'The Levites in the days of Eliashib' — meaning, the Levites who lived in the days of Eliashib the High Priest, and in the days of his son Joiada, who served as priest in his place, and in the days of his son Johanan (he is the Jonathan mentioned above, who was called by two names), and in the days of his son Jaddua — in the days of all of them, the heads of the fathers' houses of those Levites were recorded; and likewise the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests were, like them, recorded as heads, in the reign of Darius, meaning, by the king's command — but those heads were not truly worthy of that rank.
Malbim
The Levites in the days of Eliashib — that is, in the days of Joiakim the heads of the fathers' houses changed among the priests, but not among the Levites, for most of the Levites had not gone up [to the Land] in the days of Zerubbabel, only recently, in the days of Ezra, and so they still remained at their posts. Only in the days of Eliashib did the heads of the fathers' houses of the Levites change — and likewise the priests changed afterward, in the days of Eliashib. 'Joiada, and Johanan (that is, Jonathan), and Jaddua, were recorded heads of fathers' houses' — meaning, they are recorded elsewhere. And so too, 'the priests, in the reign of Darius the Persian' — that is, all this took place during the reign of Darius: all the heads who changed over the course of this period [for the span of Darius's reign extended from Eliashib to Jaddua, since by the time of the Greek kingdom Shimon HaTzaddik was already High Priest, as mentioned above] are recorded. Now [the text] specifies where they are recorded.
The sons of Levi, heads of fathers’ houses, were written in the book of the chronicles, even until the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib.
verse value 2941
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 54 letters. The shortest word is "sons·of" (בְּנֵ֤י, 3 letters) and the longest is "son·of·Eliashib" (בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב, 8 letters). 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Levi" (לֵוִי֙), "in·book·of" (עַל־סֵ֖פֶר), "and·until·days·of" (וְעַד־יְמֵ֖י). The root בן appears 2 times in this verse. 9 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "sons·of" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "the·days" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "Levi" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·days', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 3 words. Full calculation: בְּנֵ֤י [sons·of] (62) + לֵוִי֙ [Levi] (46) + רָאשֵׁ֣י [heads·of] (511) + הָֽאָב֔וֹת [the·fathers] (414) + כְּתוּבִ֕ים [written] (478) + עַל־סֵ֖פֶר [in·book·of] (440) + דִּבְרֵ֣י [words·of] (216) + הַיָּמִ֑ים [the·days] (105) + וְעַד־יְמֵ֖י [and·until·days·of] (140) + יֽוֹחָנָ֥ן [Johanan] (124) + בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב [son·of·Eliashib] (405) = 2941.
Rashi
even until the days of Johanan All those who were the heads of the fathers’ houses of the Levites until the days of Johanan the High Priest were enumerated in the chronicles.
Metzudat David
'The sons of Levi, etc.' — the heads of fathers' houses among the sons of Levi were recorded further in the book of Chronicles, so that their name would stand as a remembrance. 'Even until the days, etc.' — meaning, but this practice did not continue beyond the days of Johanan, the grandson of Eliashib; for once he became priest, it stopped, so that they were no longer recorded as a remembrance.
Malbim
The sons of Levi — that is, the priests and the Levites, all of whom are sons of Levi. 'Heads of fathers' houses, were written in the book of the chronicles' — for they had a book of chronicles in which they recorded everything that happened at that time, and in it they also recorded the heads of the fathers' houses of the sons of Levi, until the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib — that is, Jonathan, the son of Eliashib's son [his grandson]. And it does not say 'until the days of Jaddua,' because Jaddua and Johanan both served as High Priest at the same time, as mentioned above.
And the chiefs of the Levites: Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel, with their brethren over against them, to praise and give thanks, according to the commandment of David the man of God, ward against ward.
verse value 5486
Insights
Verse structure: 16 words, 84 letters. Verse gematria: 5486 is divisible by 26, the value of the divine name Hashem. The shortest word is "to·praise" (לְהַלֵּ֣ל, 4 letters) and the longest is "the·man·of·God" (אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים, 9 letters). Words sharing gematria 580: watch, watch. 7 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·heads·of" (וְרָאשֵׁ֣י), "son·of·Kadmiel" (בֶּן־קַדְמִיאֵל֙), "to·praise" (לְהַלֵּ֣ל). The root משמר appears 2 times in this verse. 15 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "son·of·Kadmiel" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah); "the·man·of·God" (root איש, 44x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·man·of·God', dividing the verse into phrases of 13 and 3 words.
Rashi
a watch opposite a watch for they were divided into their watches to recite the song.
Ralbag
'And the chiefs of the Levites: Hashabiah,' etc. — these were the heads of the watches of the singers, and they would praise and give thanks to Hashem, exalted be He, in accordance with the command of David, the man of God.
Metzudat David
'And the chiefs of the Levites' — now he returns to list the chiefs of the Levites who lived in the days of Joiakim, in the same way that he listed the chiefs of the fathers' houses of the priests. 'With their brethren' — the rest of the chiefs of the fathers' houses were 'over against them,' meaning equal to them, these as those, to give thanks and offer praise with the praises that David commanded be sung. 'Ward against ward' — every watch was equal to the other, and none had superiority or advantage over another; this is a repetition of the same idea in different words.
Malbim
And the chiefs of the Levites — this continues down to what is stated below, 'these [were] in the days of Joiakim' [verse 26]. That is, in the days of Joiakim, and in the days of Nehemiah and Ezra — who were all contemporaries — the chiefs of the Levites were Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua, the same ones who had gone up with Zerubbabel, as listed in verses 8-9: Sherebiah, and Jeshua, and Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah — and so too they are listed in chapter 10 and in chapter 11. This accords with what is stated in verse 22, that the Levites did not change in the days of Joiakim. Now, Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and the others were appointed to praise and give thanks, and were in charge of the singers and the choir leaders; while Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, and the others were gatekeepers, keeping watch at the gatherings of the gatekeepers — meaning, at the threshold of the gate, guardians of the threshold (as stated in 11:17-19).
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the store-houses of the gates.
verse value 4118
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 56 letters. The shortest word is "Meshullam" (מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·Bakbukiah" (וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה, 7 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "porters" (שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙), "in·storehouses·of" (בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י). 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·gates" (root שער, 41x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'Akkub', dividing the verse into phrases of 6 and 5 words. Full calculation: מַתַּנְיָ֧ה [Mattaniah] (505) + וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה [and·Bakbukiah] (225) + עֹבַדְיָ֥ה [Obadiah] (91) + מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם [Meshullam] (410) + טַלְמ֣וֹן [Talmon] (135) + עַקּ֑וּב [Akkub] (178) + שֹׁמְרִ֤ים [keepers] (590) + שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ [porters] (626) + מִשְׁמָ֔ר [watch] (580) + בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י [in·storehouses·of] (153) + הַשְּׁעָרִֽים [the·gates] (625) = 4118.
Rashi
sentries of the gates [in their] watch The sentries of the gates were in their watch to guard the gates of the Temple. at the thresholds Heb. בַּאֲסֻפֵּי, like בְּסִיפֵּי הַשְּׁעָרִים, at the thresholds of the gates.
Ibn Ezra
"at the store-houses of the gates" [ba'asuppei] — the alef is extra; the meaning is: those who guard the thresholds.
Ralbag
'...at the store-houses of the gates' — meaning, they were the heads over the Levites who gathered at the gates, to guard them.
Metzudat David
'Keepers, gatekeepers' — this is stated twice in different words, for further clarification. 'The ward' — this watch was stationed to guard the storehouses of the gates, that is, the 'House of the Gatherings' mentioned in Chronicles; it is the name of a place referring to something known to them at the time.
These were in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra the priest the scribe.
verse value 1968
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 54 letters. Notable word values: "these" (אֵ֕לֶּה) = 36, double chai. The shortest word is "these" (אֵ֕לֶּה, 3 letters) and the longest is "son·of·Jozadak" (בֶּן־יוֹצָדָ֑ק, 7 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "son·of·Jozadak" (בֶּן־יוֹצָדָ֑ק). The root יום appears 2 times in this verse. 9 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "son·of·Jeshua" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "in·days·of" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "the·priest" (root כהן, 44x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'son·of·Jozadak', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 6 words. Full calculation: אֵ֕לֶּה [these] (36) + בִּימֵ֛י [in·days·of] (62) + יוֹיָקִ֥ים [Joiakim] (176) + בֶּן־יֵשׁ֖וּעַ [son·of·Jeshua] (438) + בֶּן־יוֹצָדָ֑ק [son·of·Jozadak] (262) + וּבִימֵי֙ [and·in·days·of] (68) + נְחֶמְיָ֣ה [Nehemiah] (113) + הַפֶּחָ֔ה [governor] (98) + וְעֶזְרָ֥א [and·Ezra] (284) + הַכֹּהֵ֖ן [the·priest] (80) + הַסּוֹפֵֽר [the·scribe] (351) = 1968.
Rashi
These were in the days of Joiakim These were the gate sentries in the days of Joiakim.
Ralbag
'These were in the days of Joiakim... and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra the priest the scribe' — it appears that even before the days of Darius the Persian, Nehemiah the Tirshatha and Ezra the priest were already in Jerusalem, as can be shown: for in the days of Cyrus, the Tirshatha told certain priests who traced their lineage to the priesthood that they were not to eat of the most holy things; and there, too, Nehemiah the Tirshatha is mentioned, as it says, 'who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah' (Ezra 2:2).
Metzudat David
'These were, etc.' — these heads of the fathers' houses of the priests, the Levites, and the gatekeepers lived in the days of Joiakim, and so on.
Metzudat Zion
'the governor' — the ruler. 'the scribe' — the sage.
Malbim
These — that is, these did not change, and remained [in office] both in the days of Joiakim and in the days of Nehemiah, for Nehemiah and Ezra lived through all the days of Joiakim, and died in the days of Eliashib.
And at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought the Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem, to keep the dedication with gladness, both with thanksgivings, and with singing, with cymbals, psalteries, and with harps.
verse value 7856
Insights
Verse structure: 16 words, 92 letters. The shortest word is "wall·of" (חוֹמַ֣ת, 4 letters) and the longest is "from·all·their·places" (מִכׇּל־מְק֣וֹמֹתָ֔ם, 9 letters). 11 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·in·dedication·of" (וּבַחֲנֻכַּ֞ת), "the·Levites" (אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם֙), "from·all·their·places" (מִכׇּל־מְק֣וֹמֹתָ֔ם). The root חנכה appears 2 times in this verse. 14 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·do" (root עשה, 55x in Nehemiah); "to·bring·them" (root בוא, 47x in Nehemiah); "the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah). First appearance of the root תודה ("and·in·thanksgivings") in Nehemiah. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'to·Jerusalem', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 8 words.
Rashi
And in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem at the completion of the wall of the city, to sanctify the city. and with thanksgivings Heb. וּבְתוֹדוֹת, and with thanksgivings.
Ralbag
'both with thanksgivings' — this refers to the thanksgiving loaves.
Metzudat David
'And at the dedication, etc.' — at the time they held the dedication of the wall, to sanctify the city, as will be stated shortly. 'They sought' — they searched for the Levites, to bring them from their homes to Jerusalem. 'Cymbals' — with cymbals, and so on.
Metzudat Zion
'And at the dedication' — the beginning of a thing, meant to stand from that point onward, is called chinuch (dedication/inauguration) in biblical language. 'with cymbals,' etc. — types of musical instruments.
Malbim
And at the dedication they sought the Levites — those who lived outside Jerusalem. And 'with thanksgivings' refers to the two thanksgiving choirs with which they dedicated the city, according to the tradition of our Sages.
And the sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both out of the Plain round about Jerusalem, and from the villages of the Netophathites;
verse value 3380
Insights
Verse structure: 8 words, 47 letters. Verse gematria: 3380 is divisible by 26, the value of the divine name Hashem. The shortest word is "sons·of" (בְּנֵ֖י, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·singers" (הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֑ים, 7 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·from·the·Plain" (וּמִן־הַכִּכָּר֙), "and·from·villages·of" (וּמִן־חַצְרֵ֖י), "Netophathites" (נְטֹפָתִֽי). 8 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "sons·of" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "Jerusalem" (root ירושלם, 38x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·singers', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 5 words. Full calculation: וַיֵּאָ֣סְפ֔וּ [and·were·gathered] (163) + בְּנֵ֖י [sons·of] (62) + הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֑ים [the·singers] (795) + וּמִן־הַכִּכָּר֙ [and·from·the·Plain] (341) + סְבִיב֣וֹת [around] (480) + יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם [Jerusalem] (586) + וּמִן־חַצְרֵ֖י [and·from·villages·of] (404) + נְטֹפָתִֽי [Netophathites] (549) = 3380.
Rashi
and from the plain the singers came from [the plain] surrounding Jerusalem.
Metzudat David
'Gathered themselves together' — meaning, they gathered from Jerusalem itself, and from the plain surrounding Jerusalem, and from the villages, etc.
And the priests and the Levites purified themselves; and they purified the people, and the gates, and the wall.
verse value 2718
Insights
Verse structure: 7 words, 46 letters. Verse gematria: 2718 is divisible by 18, the value of chai ('life'). The shortest word is "the·people" (אֶת־הָעָ֔ם, 5 letters) and the longest is "and·the·gates" (וְאֶת־הַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים, 9 letters). Words sharing gematria 236: and·purified·themselves, and·purified. 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·the·gates" (וְאֶת־הַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים), "and·the·wall" (וְאֶת־הַחוֹמָֽה). The root טהר appears 2 times in this verse. 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·people" (root עם, 47x in Nehemiah); "and·the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah); "the·priests" (root כהן, 44x in Nehemiah). First appearance of the root טהר ("and·purified·themselves") in Nehemiah. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·the·Levites', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 4 words. 5 of the verse's 7 words begin with the letter ו. Full calculation: וַיִּֽטַּהֲר֔וּ [and·purified·themselves] (236) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים [the·priests] (130) + וְהַלְוִיִּ֑ם [and·the·Levites] (97) + וַֽיְטַהֲרוּ֙ [and·purified] (236) + אֶת־הָעָ֔ם [the·people] (516) + וְאֶת־הַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים [and·the·gates] (1032) + וְאֶת־הַחוֹמָֽה [and·the·wall] (471) = 2718.
Rashi
purified themselves First they purified themselves, and afterwards they purified the others. and the gates and the wall that there should be no uncleanliness in the city.
Ralbag
'And the priests and the Levites purified themselves,' etc. — first they purified themselves, and afterward they purified the people, and the gates, and the wall, from all impurity.
Metzudat David
'Purified themselves' — they immersed themselves to remove their impurity. 'And they purified the people' — they urged the people to purify themselves. 'And the gates' — they purified the gates from all impurity and filth.
Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies that gave thanks and went in procession: on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate;
verse value 5997
Insights
Verse structure: 15 words, 70 letters. The shortest word is "from·above" (מֵעַ֖ל, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·I·appointed" (וָאַעֲמִ֡ידָה, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 140: from·above, to·the·right, from·above. 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·I·brought·up" (וָאַעֲלֶה֙), "princes·of" (אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י), "thanksgivings" (תוֹדֹת֩). The root על appears 2 times in this verse. 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "from·above" (root על, 44x in Nehemiah); "to·gate" (root שער, 41x in Nehemiah); "to·the·wall" (root חומה, 32x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'to·the·wall', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 10 words.
Rashi
upon the wall meaning that he sanctified the city, the princes, the tribunal, and the Levites with two thanksgiving offerings around the city, as is delineated in Tractate Shebuoth (14a, 15a, b), in order to sanctify the city. two...thanksgiving offerings two breads of the thanksgiving offerings, each bread being called a thanksgiving offering. with processions to the right And when they went out of the city in order to encompass it, they went to the right side.
Ibn Ezra
"and appointed two great companies that gave thanks" — they were called this because they were stationed to give thanks to Hashem, and they were the ones who recited the song of thanksgiving. "and went in procession" [tahalukhot] — a noun of the same pattern as 'consolations of God' [tanchumot El], from the same root as 'to walk.' The meaning is that he stationed the men of the thanksgiving companies to walk toward the right side.
Ralbag
'...and went in procession... upon the wall' — meaning, there were built there passageways one could walk along (these are called 'corredors' in the vernacular), and it was upon these that Nehemiah brought up the princes of Judah.
Metzudat David
'Upon the wall' — up above, on top of the wall. 'And appointed' — meaning, I brought there two large loaves of thanksgiving-bread, that is, from the leavened bread that is part of the thanksgiving-offering, which are larger than the unleavened wafers of the thanksgiving-offering, as our Rabbis, of blessed memory, said; and with these they went around the city to sanctify it. 'And went in procession' — the start of their walking with these was toward the right. 'Upon the wall' — meaning, from the place where he had brought them up onto the wall, he brought them back down, and they went along with them before the dung gate.
Malbim
Upon the wall — one can explain that they walked literally atop the wall; and one can explain it to mean alongside the wall, as in 'and next to it, the tribe of Manasseh' [Numbers 2:20]. Indeed, the Ritva was uncertain about this in his novellae on the first chapter of tractate Shevuot, and sought to prove that they walked literally atop the wall, in order to sanctify the windows and the thickness of the wall, following the view that the thickness of the wall has the status of the interior [of the city]. And appointed two great companies that gave thanks — now, our sages received a tradition that these were literal thanksgiving-offerings, and that to sanctify the city it was necessary to walk around it bearing thanksgiving-loaves. And what is stated, 'great,' refers to the large loaves — that is, the leavened bread, where each loaf was made from a tenth of an ephah, unlike the unleavened loaves, where each loaf was made from a third of a tenth of an ephah. And they received a tradition that the two thanksgiving-offerings walked either alongside one another or one after the other, one to be eaten and one to be burned. Now, at first glance, the plain sense of the text seems to contradict this tradition, for the verse states clearly that half the people went from left to right, and half the people went from right to left. I have already explained this thoroughly above, in chapter 3: that Nehemiah's house stood at the valley gate, which was in the middle of the west side, and it was from there that they began to walk. The half of the people who went to the right walked to the dung gate, up to the stairs of the City of David, to the southwest corner; and from there they walked the whole south side, from west to east, and came to the water gate in the east, on the southeast side [as stated in verses 31-37; and as you will see above, chapter 3, from verse 13 to verse 26]. And those who went from right to left walked from the valley gate to the tower of the furnaces, which was on the northwest side [above, 3:12]; and from there they walked from west to east on the north side, to the broad wall and the gate of Ephraim, until the gate of the old city, which was in the northeast [there, verses 6-8]. From there they walked on the east side from north to south, and stood at the sheep gate, which was in the middle of the east side [there, verses 1-6]. And likewise, those who went to the right came to meet them from the south side, and the two [groups] met in the east, at the gate of the guard. This is required by the plain sense of the text and cannot be explained otherwise, and indeed our sages, too, explained the plain sense of the text this way. The truth is that they divided the two thanksgiving-offerings, each of which had ten loaves: they took five loaves from each thanksgiving-offering and processed with them to the right, toward the south; and likewise they took five loaves from each thanksgiving-offering and processed with them toward the north — so that on each side they processed with [loaves from] both thanksgiving-offerings. This is proven necessarily from the phrase 'and after them went Hoshaiah': for if one were to explain that only a single thanksgiving-offering went to each side, it should have said 'and after it went' [in the singular]. So it is clear, in accordance with the words of our sages, that both thanksgiving-offerings went to the right side as well. With this we can explain the verses. It states that he brought up the princes of Judah — meaning all the princes, every one of them — and appointed two great companies that gave thanks: that is, at the place where he went up, at the valley gate, the two great thanksgiving-offerings stood, ten loaves of leavened bread from each. Afterward they divided into two processions, such that five loaves from each thanksgiving-offering went to the right, from north to south. And after them — that is, after the two thanksgiving-offerings that went to the right — went Hoshaiah and half of the princes of Judah; there the princes divided, half to the right, and with them went Azariah, Ezra, and so on, and some of the sons of the priests, and so on, with Ezra the scribe before them — meaning, before the priests — and so they walked until the water gate, which was in the east, near the gate of the guard.
and after them went Hoshaiah, and half of the princes of Judah;
verse value 1380
Insights
Verse structure: 6 words, 28 letters. The shortest word is "princes·of" (שָׂרֵ֥י, 3 letters) and the longest is "after·them" (אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙, 6 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·went" (וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ), "after·them" (אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙), "Hoshaiah" (הוֹשַׁ֣עְיָ֔ה). 6 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "Judah" (root יהודה, 26x in Nehemiah). Full calculation: וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ [and·went] (66) + אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ [after·them] (264) + הוֹשַׁ֣עְיָ֔ה [Hoshaiah] (396) + וַחֲצִ֖י [and·half·of] (114) + שָׂרֵ֥י [princes·of] (510) + יְהוּדָֽה [Judah] (30) = 1380.
Metzudat David
'And after them' — after those who were carrying the thanksgiving loaves.
Verse structure: 3 words, 15 letters. The shortest word is "Ezra" (עֶזְרָ֖א, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·Azariah" (וַעֲזַרְיָ֥ה, 6 letters). 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Azariah" (וַעֲזַרְיָ֥ה). 3 unique roots are used. Full calculation: וַעֲזַרְיָ֥ה [and·Azariah] (298) + עֶזְרָ֖א [Ezra] (278) + וּמְשֻׁלָּֽם [and·Meshullam] (416) = 992.
Metzudat David
'And Azariah, etc.' — since they were among the most prominent, he specified them by name.
Verse structure: 4 words, 23 letters. The shortest word is "Judah" (יְהוּדָה֙, 5 letters) and the longest is "and·Benjamin" (וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן, 6 letters). 2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Benjamin" (וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן), "and·Jeremiah" (וְיִרְמְיָֽה). 4 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "Judah" (root יהודה, 26x in Nehemiah). Full calculation: יְהוּדָה֙ [Judah] (30) + וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן [and·Benjamin] (158) + וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֖ה [and·Shemaiah] (431) + וְיִרְמְיָֽה [and·Jeremiah] (271) = 890.
and certain of the priests’ sons with trumpets: Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph;
verse value 3493
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 62 letters. The shortest word is "and·from·sons·of" (וּמִבְּנֵ֥י, 5 letters) and the longest is "in·trumpets" (בַּחֲצֹצְר֑וֹת, 7 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "son·of·Jonathan" (בֶן־יֽוֹנָתָ֜ן), "son·of·Shemaiah" (בֶּן־שְׁמַֽעְיָ֗ה), "son·of·Micaiah" (בֶּן־מִ֣יכָיָ֔ה). The root בן appears 7 times in this verse. 4 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·from·sons·of" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "the·priests" (root כהן, 44x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'in·trumpets', dividing the verse into phrases of 3 and 7 words. 7 of the verse's 10 words begin with the letter ב. Full calculation: וּמִבְּנֵ֥י [and·from·sons·of] (108) + הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים [the·priests] (130) + בַּחֲצֹצְר֑וֹת [in·trumpets] (796) + זְכַרְיָ֨ה [Zechariah] (242) + בֶן־יֽוֹנָתָ֜ן [son·of·Jonathan] (568) + בֶּן־שְׁמַֽעְיָ֗ה [son·of·Shemaiah] (477) + בֶּן־מַתַּנְיָה֙ [son·of·Mattaniah] (557) + בֶּן־מִ֣יכָיָ֔ה [son·of·Micaiah] (137) + בֶּן־זַכּ֖וּר [son·of·Zaccur] (285) + בֶּן־אָסָֽף [son·of·Asaph] (193) = 3493.
Ralbag
'and certain of the priests' sons with trumpets' — for so the Torah commanded, that the priests should sound the trumpets over the peace-offerings, and thanksgiving-offerings fall under the category of peace-offerings — this, moreover, being a day of their rejoicing, on account of the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem.
Metzudat David
'With trumpets' — the one who went along with the trumpets was Zechariah, etc.
and his brethren, Shemaiah, and Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, and Judah, Hanani, with the musical instruments of David the man of God; and Ezra the scribe was before them;
verse value 3606
Insights
Verse structure: 16 words, 78 letters. Notable word values: "and·Judah" (וִֽיהוּדָה֙) = 36, double chai. The shortest word is "Maai" (מָעַ֞י, 3 letters) and the longest is "in·instruments·of·song" (בִּכְלֵי־שִׁ֥יר, 7 letters). 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Azarel" (וַעֲזַרְאֵ֡ל), "Milalai" (מִֽלְלַ֡י), "Gilalai" (גִּֽלְלַ֡י). 16 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "God" (root אלהים, 62x in Nehemiah); "Nethanel" (root נתן, 45x in Nehemiah); "man·of" (root איש, 44x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'God', dividing the verse into phrases of 13 and 3 words.
Rashi
And his brethren the colleagues of Zechariah the priest.
Ralbag
'with the musical instruments of David the man of God' — for David had composed songs to give thanks to Hashem, exalted be He, and those songs were entrusted to the choirmasters, [to be performed] upon special musical instruments.
Metzudat David
'And his brethren' — that is, the brethren of Zechariah. 'With the musical instruments of David' — they went along playing the musical instruments of David.
and by the fountain gate, and straight before them, they went up by the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the house of David, even to the water gate eastward.
verse value 3812
Insights
Verse structure: 17 words, 67 letters. The shortest word is "and·by" (וְעַל֩, 3 letters) and the longest is "by·stairs·of" (עַֽל־מַעֲלוֹת֙, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 570: gate, gate. 4 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·opposite·them" (וְנֶגְדָּ֗ם), "by·stairs·of" (עַֽל־מַעֲלוֹת֙), "in·the·ascent" (בַּֽמַּעֲלֶ֖ה). The root על appears 2 times in this verse. 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·house·of" (root בית, 60x in Nehemiah); "and·by" (root על, 44x in Nehemiah); "gate" (root שער, 41x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'to·the·wall', dividing the verse into phrases of 10 and 7 words.
Rashi
And by the Fountain Gate Before the Fountain Gate, they marched around the city. and opposite them And before them they ascended from the Fountain Gate to the steps of the City of David, and those steps led to the wall.
Ibn Ezra
"they went up by the stairs of the city of David" — these are the steps of the wall.
Metzudat David
'And by the fountain gate' — from the dung gate they went on to the fountain gate. 'And straight before them' — straight ahead, in the very direction the marchers themselves were already walking. 'At the going up of the wall' — by the ascending path that goes up onto the wall. 'Above' — and from there they went along, past the house of David, until the water gate that stands to the east.
Metzudat Zion
'and by,' 'above' — these terms mean the same as 'before' and 'alongside.'
And the other company of those who gave thanks went to meet them, and I after them, with the half of the people, upon the wall, above the tower of the furnaces, even to the broad wall;
verse value 3840
Insights
Verse structure: 16 words, 75 letters. The shortest word is "the·people" (הָעָ֜ם, 3 letters) and the longest is "the·furnaces" (הַתַּנּוּרִ֔ים, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 140: upon, above. 7 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·the·thanksgiving" (וְהַתּוֹדָ֧ה), "the·second" (הַשֵּׁנִ֛ית), "the·going" (הַהוֹלֶ֥כֶת). The root על appears 2 times in this verse. 14 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·people" (root עם, 47x in Nehemiah); "upon" (root על, 44x in Nehemiah); "to·the·wall" (root חומה, 32x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'after·her', dividing the verse into phrases of 6 and 10 words.
Rashi
And the second thanksgiving offering, which went opposite [it] The other thanksgiving offering, which was second to its fellow, went opposite its fellow, alongside it, not one following the other. and I was after it And I marched after it, [i.e.,] after the thanksgiving offering.
Ibn Ezra
"went to meet them" [ha-holekhet le-mo'el] — meaning: those walking toward them, opposite them; the alef in the word 'le-mo'el' stands in place of a vav, as in 'mi-muli' [opposite me], the vav serving to extend [the sound]. Similarly in 'if he does not tell, he shall bear his iniquity,' where the vav likewise serves to extend. "upon the wall" [la-chomah] — with the heh of the definite article, as is proper.
Ralbag
'And the other company of those who gave thanks went to meet them [la-mo'ul]' — this is like [the word] 'le-mul' [opposite], the sense being, opposite that place.
Metzudat David
'And the other company of those who gave thanks' — meaning, they carried the second loaf of thanksgiving-bread as well. 'Went to meet them' — which went along opposite, facing the first loaf, equal to it, side by side; and our Rabbis, of blessed memory, disagreed about this matter. 'And I after them' — and I walked behind that loaf, on the side it went, and with me walked half of the people who were up on the wall. 'Above the tower' — from the water gate they went along, past the tower [of the furnaces], etc.
Malbim
And the other company of those who gave thanks — this too speaks of the procession on the right side. According to the view that the two thanksgiving-offerings walked alongside one another, [the verse] calls the second thanksgiving-offering — which walked opposite the first, beside it — the one that 'went to meet them,' and Nehemiah walked after this one alone. And according to the view that they walked one after the other, it likewise calls the one that followed 'the one that went to meet them,' as stated in the Jerusalem Talmud, first chapter of Sanhedrin, halachah 3: that in one place the precise wording is 'and he sits mimul [opposite him],' meaning beside him, while in another the precise wording is 'and he shall pinch off its head mimul the nape,' meaning behind it. And Nehemiah walked immediately after the last thanksgiving-offering, with the princes after him; and afterward walked Ezra, with the priests after him. Now [the text] tells of the two thanksgiving-offerings that went to the left side, and so it states, and half of the people, upon the wall, above the tower of the furnaces — and they stood at the gate of the guard.
and above the gate of Ephraim, and by the gate of the old city and by the fish gate, and the tower of Hananel, and the tower of Hammeah, even to the sheep gate; and they stood still in the gate of the guard.
verse value 4970
Insights
Verse structure: 16 words, 78 letters. The shortest word is "and·unto" (וְעַ֖ד, 3 letters) and the longest is "to·gate·Ephraim" (לְשַֽׁעַר־אֶ֠פְרַ֠יִם, 9 letters). Words sharing gematria 676: and·by·gate, and·by·gate. 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·above" (וּמֵעַ֣ל), "to·gate·Ephraim" (לְשַֽׁעַר־אֶ֠פְרַ֠יִם), "and·they·stood" (וְעָ֣מְד֔וּ). The root שער appears 5 times in this verse. 11 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "the·hundred" (root מאה, 49x in Nehemiah); "and·above" (root על, 44x in Nehemiah); "to·gate·Ephraim" (root שער, 41x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'the·sheep', dividing the verse into phrases of 13 and 3 words.
Rashi
and they stood They stood, there and did not go any further.
Ralbag
'in the gate of the guard' — this is the gate of the court of the guard, where they used to put the prisoners.
Metzudat David
'And they stood still, etc.' — there they stood and went no further.
So stood the two companies of those who gave thanks in the house of God, and I, and the half of the rulers with me;
verse value 3074
Insights
Verse structure: 9 words, 42 letters. The shortest word is "two·of" (שְׁתֵּ֥י, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·they·stood" (וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָה, 7 letters). 3 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·they·stood" (וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָה), "the·thanksgivings" (הַתּוֹדֹ֖ת), "the·rulers" (הַסְּגָנִ֖ים). 9 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "God" (root אלהים, 62x in Nehemiah); "in·house·of" (root בית, 60x in Nehemiah); "with·me" (root עם, 47x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'God', dividing the verse into phrases of 5 and 4 words. Full calculation: וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָה [and·they·stood] (575) + שְׁתֵּ֥י [two·of] (710) + הַתּוֹדֹ֖ת [the·thanksgivings] (815) + בְּבֵ֣ית [in·house·of] (414) + הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים [God] (91) + וַאֲנִ֕י [and·I] (67) + וַחֲצִ֥י [and·half] (114) + הַסְּגָנִ֖ים [the·rulers] (168) + עִמִּֽי [with·me] (120) = 3074.
Rashi
the two thanksgiving offerings that they carried to the Temple.
Metzudat David
'So stood' — they brought the thanksgiving loaves and set them in the house of Hashem, and I [went] after them, and half of the officials walked with me.
Malbim
So stood — then Nehemiah and the half of the officials with him, who had come from the south side and stood at the water gate, drew near to the thanksgiving-offerings that had come from the north side. So stood the two companies of those who gave thanks in the house of God — for there they met one another. And I, and the half of the rulers — for he had come there from the south side; and the priests Eliakim, Maaseiah, and so on, with the trumpets — these had come from the north side, opposite them; and likewise Maaseiah and Shemaiah. And then the singers sang aloud; and Jezrahiah was the officer in charge of the songs and melodies that they sang at that time.
and Maaseiah, and Shemaiah, and Eleazar, and Uzzi, and Jehohanan, and Malchijah, and Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, with Jezrahiah their overseer.
verse value 3636
Insights
Verse structure: 12 words, 70 letters. Verse gematria: 3636 is divisible by 18, the value of chai ('life'). The shortest word is "and·Uzzi" (וְעֻזִּ֛י, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·Jehohanan" (וִֽיהוֹחָנָ֥ן, 7 letters). Words sharing gematria 431: and·Maaseiah, and·Shemaiah. 7 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·Eleazar" (וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר), "and·Uzzi" (וְעֻזִּ֛י), "and·Elam" (וְעֵילָ֣ם). 12 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "and·made·heard" (root שמע, 29x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·Ezer', dividing the verse into phrases of 8 and 4 words. 10 of the verse's 12 words begin with the letter ו. Full calculation: וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֨ה [and·Maaseiah] (431) + וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֜ה [and·Shemaiah] (431) + וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר [and·Eleazar] (314) + וְעֻזִּ֛י [and·Uzzi] (93) + וִֽיהוֹחָנָ֥ן [and·Jehohanan] (135) + וּמַלְכִּיָּ֖ה [and·Malchijah] (111) + וְעֵילָ֣ם [and·Elam] (156) + וָעָ֑זֶר [and·Ezer] (283) + וַיַּשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ [and·made·heard] (442) + הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים [the·singers] (795) + וְיִֽזְרַחְיָ֖ה [and·Jezrahiah] (246) + הַפָּקִֽיד [the·overseer] (199) = 3636.
Metzudat David
'Vayashmiu' — this word, too, is [understood here as] the name of a man, not the verb ‘sang out.’ 'The singers' — these were the singers, and they too came to the house of Hashem to sing, and with them was Jezrahiah, their overseer.
And they offered great sacrifices that day, and rejoiced; for God had made them rejoice with great joy; and the women also and the children rejoiced; so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard even afar off.
verse value 4971
Insights
Verse structure: 18 words, 91 letters. The shortest word is "for" (כִּ֤י, 2 letters) and the longest is "in·the·day·that" (בַיּוֹם־הַ֠ה֠וּא, 8 letters). Words sharing gematria 354: rejoiced, from·afar. 10 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·they·offered" (וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ), "in·the·day·that" (בַיּוֹם־הַ֠ה֠וּא), "sacrifices" (זְבָחִ֨ים). The root שמח appears 3 times in this verse. 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "God" (root אלהים, 62x in Nehemiah); "in·the·day·that" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "Jerusalem" (root ירושלם, 38x in Nehemiah). First appearance of the root שמח ("and·they·rejoiced") in Nehemiah. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'rejoiced', dividing the verse into phrases of 14 and 4 words.
Metzudat David
'Great' — meaning, a great and abundant number. 'For God had made them rejoice' — He placed joy in their hearts.
Malbim
Great sacrifices — meaning many [in number]; or it means large, fattened bulls. For God had made them rejoice — meaning that their joy did not come merely from the feasts they held, but was a joy of God, so much so that even the children rejoiced.
And on that day were men appointed over the chambers for the treasures, for the heave-offerings, for the first-fruits, and for the tithes, to gather into them, according to the fields of the cities, the portions appointed by the law for the priests and Levites; for Judah rejoiced for the priests and for the Levites who took their stations.
verse value 9047
Insights
Verse structure: 23 words, 127 letters. The shortest word is "for" (כִּ֚י, 2 letters) and the longest is "over·the·chambers" (עַל־הַנְּשָׁכ֗וֹת, 8 letters). Words sharing gematria 30: for, Judah. 11 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "over·the·chambers" (עַל־הַנְּשָׁכ֗וֹת), "for·the·contributions" (לַתְּרוּמוֹת֮), "for·the·first-fruits" (לָרֵאשִׁ֣ית). The root כהן appears 2 times in this verse. 21 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "in·them" (root הם, 67x in Nehemiah); "in·the·day" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "and·for·the·Levites" (root לוי, 45x in Nehemiah). First appearance of the root מנת ("portions·of") in Nehemiah. The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·for·the·Levites', dividing the verse into phrases of 17 and 6 words.
Rashi
were appointed Heb. וַיִפָקְדוּ, a word meaning appointment. the chambers Heb. הַנְשָׁכוֹת, like הַלְשָּׁכוֹת, the chambers of the Temple. to gather in them And in these chambers they would place all the gifts of the priests and the Levites, and from there they would distribute [them] among them. portions Heb. מְנָאוֹת like מָנוֹת. for the priests and for the Levites The priests were taking what was due them and the Levites what was due them. who stood and ministered there before the Holy One, blessed be He, with thanksgiving offerings and thanksgivings.
Ibn Ezra
"over the chambers" [ha-nishkhot] — like 'lishkhot' [the more common form of the word]; one authority reads it this way, another that way. "for the treasures" [la-otzarot] — meaning: to be used as storehouses. "the portions appointed by the law" [menaot ha-Torah] — similarly, [the word appears in] 'that appointed your food.' The alef stands in place of a yod, [as in] 'menayot' [portions], and this does not change in the construct form. Similarly, 'in the strongholds of Ein Gedi' — either the noun is already in construct, or the construct form has been dropped; and so here it is [to be understood as if written] 'menaot, menaot ha-Torah' [portions, the portions of the law] — just as elsewhere 'ha-aron, aron ha-brit' [the ark, the ark of the covenant].
Ralbag
'And on that day were men appointed over the chambers' — meaning, officers were appointed over the chambers, [to serve] as storehouses, to place there the heave-offerings for the priests, and the first-fruits, and the tithes, to gather into them the portions due from the thank-offering for the priests and the Levites, together with the produce of the fields of the towns belonging to Judah and Benjamin — for Nehemiah wanted the portions of the Levites, too, to be brought there, so that the Levites would be free to perform their service in the Temple, and would not need to go about the towns to collect their tithes.
Metzudat David
'Were appointed' — treasurers were appointed over the chambers made for the treasures, for the heave-offerings, and for the first-fruits — that is, the challah — and for the tithes. 'To gather' — to bring into them, from all the fields of the cities, the gifts that the Torah commanded be given to the priests and Levites, namely the heave-offerings and the tithes; and this repeats the same matter in different words, for further clarification. 'For Judah rejoiced' — for Judah's joy over the priests and the Levites who stood at their service was great, and therefore they took it to heart to be careful about the gifts due to them, and to appoint treasurers.
Metzudat Zion
'the chambers' — like lishkot (halls/chambers). 'the portions' — gifts and shares, as in 'and send portions' (above, ch. 8).
Malbim
And on that day were men appointed — they appointed officers over the chambers in which they stored the heave-offering and the first portion — that is, the first-fruits — and also the tithes. For previously the Levites would go around the towns to collect the tithes [as above, 10:38-39]; but now the portions — meaning the gifts the Torah assigns to the priests, and also to the Levites — would be brought into the storehouses. For Judah rejoiced — they rejoiced greatly over the priests and Levites who stood at their service, for they kept the charge of their God and the charge of purity, as stated in the Torah, 'and they shall keep your charge, and the charge of the Tent.' And they were also the singers and the gatekeepers; and even though this was not fixed by the Torah, David and Solomon organized them [in these roles], and therefore they saw to it that the Levites who were actively serving would take precedence over the other Levites. So they appointed officers, so that the tithe, too, would be brought to the chambers and distributed to the Levites who stood in service in the House of Hashem.
And they kept the ward of their God, and the ward of the purification, and so did the singers and the porters, according to the commandment of David, and of Solomon his son.
verse value 5288
Insights
Verse structure: 11 words, 59 letters. The shortest word is "his·son" (בְנֽוֹ, 3 letters) and the longest is "and·the·singers" (וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים, 8 letters). 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "and·they·kept" (וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֞וּ), "ward·of" (מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת), "and·ward·of" (וּמִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת). The root משמרת appears 2 times in this verse. 10 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "his·son" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "their·God" (root אלהים, 62x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'and·the·porters', dividing the verse into phrases of 7 and 4 words. Full calculation: וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֞וּ [and·they·kept] (562) + מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת [ward·of] (980) + אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶם֙ [their·God] (91) + וּמִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת [and·ward·of] (986) + הַֽטׇּהֳרָ֔ה [the·purification] (224) + וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים [and·the·singers] (801) + וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים [and·the·porters] (631) + כְּמִצְוַ֥ת [as·commandment·of] (556) + דָּוִ֖יד [David] (24) + שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה [Solomon] (375) + בְנֽוֹ [his·son] (58) = 5288.
Ibn Ezra
"and the ward of the purification" [ha-taharah] — this word is of the same derivation and pattern as 'chochmah' [wisdom], except that, because of the guttural letter — the middle heh — the vowels are switched, in order to ease the reading.
Ralbag
'And they kept the ward of their God' — this refers to guarding the house of God, and the ward of purity, to guard against impurity entering the Temple.
Metzudat David
'And they kept the ward' — this refers back to the previous verse, which said that Judah's joy was over the priests, etc., who stood [at their service] — and these kept the ward of their God regarding the service placed upon them, and regarding the purity [required], so that no impurity should enter the sanctuary of Hashem; and the singers and the porters held fast to their ward, as David had commanded Solomon his son, as is written in Chronicles.
For in the days of David and Asaph of old there were chief of the singers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving to God.
verse value 3747
Insights
Verse structure: 10 words, 51 letters. The shortest word is "David" (דָוִ֛יד, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·song·of·praise" (וְשִׁיר־תְּהִלָּ֥ה, 8 letters). 6 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "for·in·days·of" (כִּֽי־בִימֵ֥י), "and·Asaph" (וְאָסָ֖ף), "from·of·old" (מִקֶּ֑דֶם). The root ראש appears 2 times in this verse. 9 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·God" (root אלהים, 62x in Nehemiah); "for·in·days·of" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'from·of·old', dividing the verse into phrases of 4 and 6 words.
Ibn Ezra
"For in the days of David and Asaph of old" — he means to say: following their custom and enactment concerning the singers of old, these current officials likewise appointed singers in their place.
Metzudat David
'For in the days of David' — for the divisions were assigned in the days of David and Asaph, who in ancient times were the heads of the singers, and they instituted songs of praise and thanksgiving to God.
Malbim
For in the days of David — meaning, it was then determined who would be the singers; and Asaph and his sons were, from of old and continually thereafter, the chiefs of the singers. And it was also then that the songs and melodies were established — songs of praise and songs of thanksgiving.
And all Israel in the days of Zerubbabel, and in the days of Nehemiah, gave the portions of the singers and the porters, as every day required; and they hallowed for the Levites; and the Levites hallowed for the sons of Aaron.
verse value 5444
Insights
Verse structure: 17 words, 94 letters. The shortest word is "in·days·of" (בִּימֵ֨י, 4 letters) and the longest is "and·all·Israel" (וְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֩, 8 letters). 5 words in this verse appear nowhere else in Nehemiah. Unique to this verse in Nehemiah (hapax): "Zerubbabel" (זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל), "portions·of" (מְנָי֛וֹת), "and·hallowing" (וּמַקְדִּשִׁים֙). The root יום appears 3 times in this verse. 13 unique roots are used. Frequent roots: "to·sons·of" (root בן, 200x in Nehemiah); "in·days·of" (root יום, 61x in Nehemiah); "giving" (root נתן, 45x in Nehemiah). The etnachta (major mid-verse pause) falls on 'in·its·day', dividing the verse into phrases of 11 and 6 words.
Rashi
the portions Heb. מְנָיוֹת, like מָנוֹת. and they consecrated [them] for the Levites And they would give the tithe to the Levites, who would take the tithe from the tithe and give it to the priests.
Ralbag
'gave the portions of the singers and the porters,' etc. — meaning, that they would give them portions to live on, day by day, so that the [Temple] service would not cease; and they would consecrate money and produce to give to the Levites, and the Levites would consecrate [a portion] to the sons of Aaron. Or, alternatively, this may mean that Israel would prepare the tithes for the Levites and carry them to them at the Temple, while the Levites would prepare for the sons of Aaron a tithe of the tithe, and carry it to them at their chamber.
Metzudat David
'The portions of the singers, etc.' — the gifts that were fitting to give them. 'As every day required' — what was due on a given day, they gave on that same day, and did not delay past its proper time. 'And they hallowed' — they would set apart the tithe to give to the Levites, and the Levites would set apart the tithe from the tithe to give to the sons of Aaron.
Malbim
And all Israel — for until now, even though they gave the portions of the gatekeepers, they would designate them directly to the Levites, since the Levite would collect his tithes in the fields himself, and he in turn would set aside the tithe of the tithe for the sons of Aaron. But now they instituted that they should not give them directly to the Levites who went around the threshing-floors, but rather bring them into the hands of the officers, who would then give them to the Levites who stood in service in the House of Hashem.
Rashi
Ralbag
Metzudat David
Malbim